Changes in otoacoustic emissions in a transsexual male during treatment with estrogen

McFadden, Dennis; Pasanen, Edward G.; Callaway, Narriman Lee

doi:10.1121/1.424366

Cited by 27 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…In contrast to many previous reports (e.g., Baer & Hall, 1994;Kimberley, Brown, & Eggermont, 1993;McFadden, 1993McFadden, , 1998McFadden, , & 2001McFadden, Pasagen, & Callaway, 1998;Robinette, 1992;Sato, Sando, & Takahashi, 1991;Talmadge, Long, Murphy, & Tubis, 1993), the current study did not find a proliferation of gender and ear effects on the TEOAE and DPOAE data, due, feasibly, to the sample size. Significant frequency differences were observed for some TEOAE and DPOAE parameters, which was entirely expected and, as the effect of frequency as a single variable was not a focus of the present study, they were not explored further.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 84%

Racial Heritage/Melanin and Otoacoustic Emission Measures of Cochlear Function

Driscoll¹,

Kei²,

Arnold³

et al. 2009

Asia Pacific Journal of Speech, Language and Hearing

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 84%

Racial Heritage/Melanin and Otoacoustic Emission Measures of Cochlear Function

Driscoll¹,

Kei²,

Arnold³

et al. 2009

Asia Pacific Journal of Speech, Language and Hearing

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“…Although not tested directly, the presumption is that both measures would return to normal upon cessation of the drug. Third, OAEs gradually strengthened in an adult male taking high levels of estrogens to suppress his androgens prior to sex-change surgery [62]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sexual orientation and the auditory system

McFadden

2011

Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology

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The auditory system exhibits differences by sex and by sexual orientation, and the implication is that relevant auditory structures are altered during prenatal development, possibly by exposure to androgens. The otoacoustic emissions (OAEs) of newborn male infants are weaker than those of newborn females, and these sex differences persist through the lifespan. The OAEs of nonheterosexual females also are weaker than those of heterosexual females, suggesting an atypically strong exposure to androgens some time early in development. Auditory evoked potentials (AEPs) also exhibit sex differences beginning early in life. Some AEPs are different for heterosexual and nonheterosexual females, and other AEPs are different for heterosexual and nonheterosexual males. Research on non-humans treated with androgenic or anti-androgenic agents also suggests that OAEs are masculinized by prenatal exposure to androgens late in gestation. Collectively, the evidence suggests that prenatal androgens, acting globally or locally, affect both nonheterosexuality and the auditory system.

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“…McFadden et al (12) reported strengthened OAEs in an adult male subject taking high levels of estrogens to suppress his androgens before sex-change surgery. With the ethical considerations kept in mind, it is not an easy task to investigate the effect of these hormones (androgens, estrogen) in humans.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%