Changes in nucleolar activity during the growth and development of the wheat coleoptile

Rose, R. J.

doi:10.1007/bf02055785

Cited by 24 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…In electron micrographs, almost all of the nuclei in immature cells contained large nucleoli, which were rarely detected in mature cells. Earlier reports using electron microscopy and the incorporation of [3H]uridine showed that the nucleolar activity reduced in association with the differentiation of plant cells, following the cessation of meristematic growth (Hyde 1967, Rose 1974. Presumably, such reduction of nucleolar activity occurred also in the rice coleoptile in tandem with the cessation of growth.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Senescence in the nongreening region of the rice (Oryza sativa) coleoptile

et al. 2000

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Summary. The coleoptile of rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. Nippon-bare) emerges from the imbibed seed on day 2 after sowing and ceases its growth on day 3. In cross section, the cells near the outer epidermis turn into green between days 2 and 3, while those near the inner epidermis remain colorless. In this study, the complete process of the development in the nongreening cells in the coleoptile was examined by fluorescence and electron microscopy. Embryonic morphology on day 0 was rapidly converted into the differentiated greening or nongreening cells between days 1 and 2. Senescence in the inner, nongreening region first appeared on day 4 in the third or fourth cell layer from the inner epidermis and then spread towards both the inner and the outer epidermis, and the inner cells collapsed completely before the outer cells senesced. Cells adjacent to the inner epidermis, which senesced slowly, followed a sequence of events during development: (1) degradation of plastid DNA; (2) dispersal of nuclear chromatin, differentiation of plastids into amyloplasts, degradation of mitochondrial DNA; (3) degradation of the starch in amyloplasts; (4) disorganization of plastids; (5) condensation of the nucleus, shrinkage of mitochondria; (6) complete loss of cellular components, distortion of cell walls. In the interior cells, the early events including degeneration of plastid DNA and mitochondrial DNA occurred in parallel with those in the cells adjacent to the inner epidermis, yet rapid collapse of all the cellular components proceeded between days 3 and 5, and nuclear condensation could not be detected.Keywords: Amyloplast; Coleoptile; Development; Mitochondrion; Oryza sativa; Senescence.Abbreviations: cpDNA chloroplast DNA; DAPI 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole; DiOC7 3,3'-dihexyloxacarbocyanine; IE inner epidermis; mtDNA mitochondrial DNA; mt-nucleoid mitochondrial nucleoid; OE outer epidermis; ptDNA plastid DNA; pt-nucleoid plastid nucleoid.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Senescence in the nongreening region of the rice (Oryza sativa) coleoptile

et al. 2000

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“…However, the distance between seedlings and the stopping screen, and the different acceleration pressures of helium gas did not affect significantly the number of anthocyanin and GUS spots, suggesting that hardness of coleoptile tissue was not a major obstacle for gene transfer. Wright (1961) and Rose (1974) observed that cell division of coleoptiles gradually decreased and ceased almost at 75 h after germination. Cell activity (RNA synthesis) of coleoptile was also vigorous at the early stage of germination and decreased gradually as the seedling developed (Masuda et al 1966).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A good assay system of transient expression has not been reported for wheat genes. Developing wheat coleoptiles, that show high cell division and activity (Masuda et al 1966, Rose 1974, can be easily handled and can be prepared when needed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transient Expression of Anthocyanin in Developing Wheat Coleoptile by Maize C1 and B-peru Regulatory Genes for Anthocyanin Synthesis.

et al. 2003

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Maize transcription factors for the genes of anthocyanin synthesis pathway, C1/B-peru, were delivered into developing wheat coleoptiles by a particle bombardment method. Anthocyanin pigments were induced as discrete red spots and their number reached about 60 spots per coleoptile, compared to about 20 diffused blue GUS spots, which were induced by the GusA gene transferred concomitantly. Coleoptiles of seedlings collected 36 h after germination were most suitable tissue for the expression of delivered foreign genes. One to five µg of plasmid DNA for coating gold particles was sufficient for induction of anthocyanin and GUS, indicating that the transferred gene was expressed efficiently in coleoptile cells. Helium gas pressure (900, 1100, 1300 or 1500 pounds per square inch) and distances (10, 15, or 20 cm) between the stopping screen and coleoptile did not affect significantly the efficiency of gene transfer. Seedlings arranged in a circle with a 1-cm radius on a MS medium plate were targeted well by gold particles. The results showed that the wheat coleoptile was a good target tissue for transient assay of wheat genes and that C1/B-peru can be used as a reporter gene.

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“…Up to six nucleoli could be observed in tetrads which were diminished just before transit to the uninuclear stage of early microspores. The nucleolar area correlates with the activities of rRNA genes [49,50]. Meiosis involves the interaction of many genes, which is reflected by high transcriptional activities.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nuclei of Tsuga canadensis: Role of Flavanols in Chromatin Organization

Feucht

Schmid

Treutter

2011

IJMS

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Needle primordia of Tsuga canadensis (hemlock) arising from flank meristems of a shoot apex, form cell lineages consisting of four or eight cells. Within a recently established lineage there is striking uniformity in the pattern of nuclear flavanols. This fact points to an identical transcriptional expression of these flavanols during cell cycling. However two lineages, even if located close together within the same meristem, can be very different in the expression of both cell shape and nuclear flavanol pattern, indicating that epigenetic positional signals are operating in a collective specification of cell lineage development. There is a wide range of nuclear flavanol patterning from a mosaic-like distribution in an activated cell type to a homogenous appearance in silenced cell types. Single cells deriving from lineages are desynchronized because they underlie a signaling network at a higher tissue level which results in stronger epigenetic modifications of their nuclear flavanols. As an extreme case of epigenetic modulation, transient drought conditions caused a drastic reduction of nuclear flavanols. Upon treatment with sucrose or cytokinin, these nuclear flavanols could be fully restored. Analytical determination of the flavanols revealed 3.4 mg/g DW for newly sprouting needles and 19.6 mg/g DW for anthers during meiosis. The roughly 6-fold difference in flavanols is apparently a reflection of the highly diverging organogenetic processes. Collectively, the studies provide strong evidence for combinatorial interplay between cell fate and nuclear flavanols.

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Changes in nucleolar activity during the growth and development of the wheat coleoptile

Cited by 24 publications

References 33 publications

Senescence in the nongreening region of the rice (Oryza sativa) coleoptile

Senescence in the nongreening region of the rice (Oryza sativa) coleoptile

Transient Expression of Anthocyanin in Developing Wheat Coleoptile by Maize C1 and B-peru Regulatory Genes for Anthocyanin Synthesis.

Nuclei of Tsuga canadensis: Role of Flavanols in Chromatin Organization

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