Changes in Metabolic Rate and Brown Adipose Tissue Composition during Nutritional Rehabilitation of Postnatally Undernourished Rats

Abstract

Rats previously undernourished (PU) during the first 3 postnatal weeks gained less weight than controls during the subsequent rehabilitation period, in spite of similar levels of food intake per body weight^0.75. Resting oxygen consumption (ml/min/kg^0·75) was significantly elevated (15–22%) in the PU group after 36 days of age but this difference was almost completely abolished by β-adrenergic blockade with propranolol. PU rats also showed a greater thermogenic activity after noradrenaline (25 μg/100 g b.wt.) than controls. The mass of brown adipose tissue (BAT, mg/100g b.wt.) was reduced by undernutrition but during rehabilitation BAT increased in PU rats to a value greater than that of controls. These results indicate that the low weight gain of PU rats may result partly from a high metabolic rate due to sympathetic activation of BAT.

The Slave Trade and the Right of Visit Under the Law of the Sea Convention: Exploitation in the Fishing Industry in New Zealand and Thailand

“…In the EEZ, the jurisdiction of a coastal state is restricted to three specific categories: (1) the establishment and use of artificial islands, installations, and structures; (2) marine scientific research; and (3) the protection and preservation of the marine environment. 117 Hence, as the prohibition of slavery falls outside these three categories, the coastal state has no special jurisdiction over its enforcement within the EEZ. Likewise, in relation to the navigational freedoms of the EEZ, Article 58(1) adopts the same regime as employed on the high seas.…”