Changes in maternal pregnane concentrations in mares with experimentally-induced, ascending placentitis

Wynn, Michelle A.A.; Ball, Barry A.; May, John; Esteller-Vico, A.; Canisso, Igor F.; Squires, E.L.; Troedsson, Mats H.T.

doi:10.1016/j.theriogenology.2018.09.001

Cited by 17 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Additionally, allopregnanolone increases during pregnancy and peaks in late gestation in rats and mares. [38][39][40] The remaining steroid compounds studied here were not significantly different between calves and their cows and could have reflected a placental contribution. This was further supported by the observed decay in these compounds in subsequent time point collections in calves.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

Steroid precursors, steroids, neuroactive steroids, and neurosteroids concentrations in serum and saliva of healthy neonatal heifer Holstein calves

Aleman

Chigerwe

Varga

et al. 2020

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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Background Persistence of high neurosteroid concentrations in blood is associated with neonatal encephalopathy and septicemia in foals. This has not been investigated in calves. Objectives To determine concentrations of steroid compounds in serum and saliva within the first 48 hours after birth in healthy neonatal calves, identify potential markers for disease, and investigate the association between serum steroid compounds concentrations in calves and their respective dams within 2 hours after birth. Animals Twelve healthy neonatal heifer Holstein calves and their dams. Methods Prospective study. Serum and saliva were collected from calves at 2, 6, 24, and 48 hours after birth. Steroid compounds were analyzed using liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry. A nonlinear regression model was used to determine half‐lives of the neurosteroids. Serum concentrations of neurosteroids between the cows and calves were compared using the Wilcoxon signed rank test. Results Half‐lives (95% confidence intervals) of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and 17α,20α‐dihydroxyprogesterone in calf serum were 2.9 (2.1, 4.3), and 2.1 (1.3, 3.0) hours, respectively. Pregnanediol in saliva had a half‐life (95% confidence interval) of 24.5 (14.2, 66.5) hours. Serum DHEA (1718.7 ± 2313 vs 57.7 ± 44) and 17α,20α‐dihydroxyprogesterone (207.8 ± 198.2 vs 43.5 ± 33.5) concentrations respectively were higher ( P < .05) in calves compared to cows. Conclusions and Clinical Importance Dehydroepiandrosterone, 17α,20α‐dihydroxyprogesterone, and pregnanediol could be potential markers of disease in neonatal heifer calves with unexplained failure to thrive or encephalopathy. However, because of the wide 95% confidence interval of the half‐life, pregnanediol in saliva might not be a potential marker.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

Steroid precursors, steroids, neuroactive steroids, and neurosteroids concentrations in serum and saliva of healthy neonatal heifer Holstein calves

Aleman

Chigerwe

Varga

et al. 2020

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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“…In mares with chronic placentitis, placental edema, and placentas with poorly developed or sparse microvilli [159,160] unusually high concentrations of all the progestagens. This pattern indicates that the fetus and the uteroplacental tissues are metabolically active despite the presence of bacteria or their products.…”

Section: Progestagensmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiological and Clinical Aspects of the Endocrinology of the Estrous Cycle and Pregnancy in Mares

Satué¹,

Gardón²

2021

Animal Reproduction in Veterinary Medicine

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The use of advanced reproductive endocrinology can generate important economic benefits for equine breeding farms. Pregnancy in the mare involves considerable endocrine changes, which can be explained in part by the development of different structures such as embryonic vesicles, primary and secondary CL, endometrial cups and development of fetoplacental units. Both the pregnant mare and the fetus adapt to this development with unique mechanisms, such as alterations in the maternal endocrine metabolism and hormonal feedback. Since the ability to produce a viable foal is critical for the broodmare, the maintenance of the gestation implies almost a year of physiological effort. Therefore, the joint knowledge of basic reproductive science and current clinical endocrinology allows veterinarians and breeders to be better positioned to achieve their objectives. This chapter reviews normal and abnormal endocrine patterns during the equine estrual cycle, pregnancy. We also consider hormonal evaluation related to placentitis, abortions, recurrent pregnancy loss, and premature deliveries. Also, several aspects associated with endocrinological control of the reproductive cycle, ovulation, parturition, high-risk mare, and hormone supplementation will be developed.

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“…Um aumento crescente de progestágenos no período pré-parto está associado ao desenvolvimento da glândula mamária e lactação em éguas clinicamente hígidas (WYNN et al, 2018). Estes progestágenos são responsáveis pela produção de prolactina.…”

Section: Sinais Clínicosunclassified

“…A placentite é o fator contribuinte de maior importância em abortamentos, ocorrência de natimortos e perda perinatal em equinos (LeBLANC, 2012), sendo responsável por 10 a 30% das perdas gestacionais na égua (WYNN et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Placentitis in Mares: A Review

et al. 2018

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A placentite é uma das principais causas de abortamentos, natimortos, perda perinatal e dificuldade em conceber na temporada reprodutiva subsequente. O objetivo deste trabalho é revisar os aspectos relacionados com a etiologia, sinais clínicos, métodos diagnósticos e tratamento da placentite em éguas. A placenta equina é fixada ao endométrio através de microcotilédones, com exceção da estrela cervical, sendo esta a região mais afetada pela afecção. Os principais agentes etiológicos da placentite são as bactérias, seguidas dos fungos, vírus e protozoários. A incompetência das barreiras anatômicas é o principal fator predisponente para a contaminação uterina. Os principais sinais clínicos são lactação precoce, corrimento vaginal, morte fetal e abortamento. Uma das formas de diagnostico é feita através da ultrassonografia, avaliando a placenta, fluido uterino e o concepto. Não há tratamento definido, mas o objetivo é combater a infecção, reduzir a inflamação e controlar a atividade do miométrio. O prognóstico tanto para a égua quanto para o potro é variável, dependendo do tempo de gestação, grau de infecção e eficácia do tratamento. É importante monitorar o terço final de gestação das éguas, favorecendo o diagnóstico precoce para obter sucesso com o tratamento e nascimento de um potro saudável.Palavras-chave: Equinos. Abortamento. Morte embrionária. Dismaturo. PLACENTITIS IN MARES: A REVIEW SUMARY:Placentitis is one of the main causes of abortion, stillbirth, perinatal loss and difficulty in conceiving in the subsequent reproductive season. The objective of this work is to review aspects related to etiology, clinical signs, diagnostic methods and treatment of placentitis in mares. The equine placenta is attached to the endometrium through micro-cotyledons, with the exception of the cervical star, and the region is most affected by the condition. The main etiological agent of placentitis is bacteria, followed by fungi, viruses and protozoa. The uterine contamination due to failure of the anatomic barriers is the fundamental predisposing factor. The main clinical signs are early lactation, vaginal discharge, fetal death and miscarriage. One of the forms of diagnosis is made through ultrasonography, evaluating the placenta, uterine fluid and the concept. There is no definite treatment, but the goal is to combat infection, reduce inflammation and control myometrial activity. The prognosis for both mare and foal is variable, depending on the time of gestation, degree of infection and efficacy of the treatment. It is important to monitor the final third of gestation of the mares, favoring the early diagnosis to be successful with the treatment and birth of a healthy foal.

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Changes in maternal pregnane concentrations in mares with experimentally-induced, ascending placentitis

Cited by 17 publications

References 25 publications

Steroid precursors, steroids, neuroactive steroids, and neurosteroids concentrations in serum and saliva of healthy neonatal heifer Holstein calves

Steroid precursors, steroids, neuroactive steroids, and neurosteroids concentrations in serum and saliva of healthy neonatal heifer Holstein calves

Physiological and Clinical Aspects of the Endocrinology of the Estrous Cycle and Pregnancy in Mares

Placentitis in Mares: A Review

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