Changes in Liver Antioxidant Status of Offspring Mice Induced by Maternal Fluoride Exposure During Gestation and Lactation

Abstract

Excessive fluoride intake for a long time has been demonstrated to provoke hepatic oxidative stress in adults. However, the response to fluoride toxicity of liver in newborns exposed to fluoride during embryonic and suckling stages remains unclear. In this study, female Kunming mice were administrated with 25, 50, and 100 mg/L sodium fluoride (NaF) from prenatal day 0 to day 21 after delivery, and the antioxidative status in the liver of their pups at postnatal day 21 was evaluated. The results showed that compared with the control group, NaF significantly increased malondialdehyde (MDA) level and reduced catalase (CAT) activity, while no statistical difference was observed in activities and mRNA expressions of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and glutathione reductase (GR). Notably, with comparison to the controls, the protein level of CAT was significantly reduced in medium- and high-fluoride groups, while its relative mRNA abundance was enhanced which could result from the encouragement of the lowered CAT protein expression. These findings suggested that CAT was more susceptible to low-fluoride exposure in early life.

Chronic Exposure to Sodium Fluoride Triggers Oxidative Biochemistry Misbalance in Mice: Effects on Peripheral Blood Circulation

“…Several studies report reduced enzymatic activity after fluoride exposure, followed by oxidative damage [ 48 – 50 ]. Other studies show that fluoride reduces CAT activity and GSH levels, but not the activity of SOD activity in human erythrocytes [ 49 ] and in the liver of mice [ 51 ].…”

Fluoride or/and aluminum induced toxicity in guinea pig teeth with the low expression of dentine phosphoprotein

“…There are numerous examples of F toxicity in living organisms, such as in humans, guinea pigs, roe deers, donkeys, quails, rats, and even carps . A lot of studies have shown that excessive exposure to F may result in detrimental effects on many organs and tissues, such as the brain, liver, kidney, testicle, and so on. However, lesions of skeleton and teeth by F are still the main problems of fluorosis …”

Effect of dietary protein or calcium supplement on the expression of collagen I and dentine phosphoprotein of rats with dental fluorosis

“…The amount of F in an organism is extremely small, and about 90% of it is distributed in skeletons and teeth. 1 At high concentrations, F can cause damage to multiple organs and tissues, such as in the brain, [2][3][4] reproduction organs, [5][6][7] liver, 8,9 spleen, 10 thyroid, [11][12][13] and especially to the skeleton and teeth, which can progress to fluorosis. [14][15][16] Dental fluorosis is a well-known chronic metabolic disease caused by the prolonged presence of ingested excessive amounts of fluoride, [17][18][19] characterized by tooth discoloration.…”