Changes in lipolysis and hormone-sensitive lipase expression caused by procyanidins in 3T3-L1 adipocytes

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: To ®nd out whether lipid stores are in¯uenced by phenolic compounds in wine. DESIGN: Differentiated 3T3-L1 cells were treated with catechin, epicatechin or procyanidin extracts with different degrees of polymerization at 150 m mM for different periods of time (0.5 ± 24 h). SUBJECTS: Cell line 3T3-L1. MEASUREMENTS: Cellular viability, glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase activity, glycerol release in the medium, HSL mRNA levels, triacylglycerols and protein. RESULTS: Catechin, epicatechin and procyanidin extracts were not toxic for the 3T3-L1 cells in the conditions assayed. Glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase activity was markedly decreased by 150 m mM procyanidin extracts. The release of glycerol into the medium was increased in 150 m mM procyanidin extract-treated cells and reached a plateau after 15 h exposure. Procyanidins caused a time-dependent reduction in the HSL mRNA levels. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that procyanidins from grape and wine affect lipid metabolism whilst their monomers (catechin and epicatechin) do not. This effect is more pronounced when the degree of polymerization is higher. Procyanidin extracts cause a time-dependent reduction in the HSL mRNA levels, inhibit triacylglycerol synthesis and also favour triacylglycerol hydrolysis until the HSL mRNA had reached very low levels.

The effect of grape-seed extract on 24 h energy intake in humans

“…The underlying mechanism could be an increased lipolysis. Ardevol et al (2000) found the same result in vitro, only by incubating 3T3-L1 cells with grape seed, lipolysis was favored and biosynthesis inhibited, thus degrading fat stores. The mechanism of grape seed in the short term could be, as Tebib also suggested, a delayed absorption of the diet, which might support sustained satiety while subjects ingest less food.…”

“…With respect to the mechanism related to the possible effect of grape-seed extract, in animal models the polyphenols present in grape seed have shown to reduce food intake (Tebib et al, 1996;Wielinga et al, 2002) and to prevent weight gain (Tebib et al, 1996). In vitro experiments showed that these polyphenols stimulate lipolysis (Tebib et al, 1996;Ardevol et al, 2000), which is hypothesized to be particularly effective in overweight subjects who might show a reduced lipolysis (Fisher et al, 2002). Increased postprandial lipolysis may increase hepatic fat oxidation (Surina et al, 1993;Westerterp-Plantenga et al, 1999) and, thus, may affect satiety (Kamphuis et al, 2003;Langhans & Scharrer, 1987;McCarty & Scharrer, 1994;Scharrer, 1999).…”

Grape-seed derived procyanidins interfere with adipogenesis of 3T3-L1 cells at the onset of differentiation

“…10 Briefly, postconfluent cells were induced to adipocyte differentiation (day 0) with 0.25 mmol/l dexamethasone, 0.5 mmol/l 3-isobutyl-methylxanthine, and 5 mg/ml insulin in 10% FBS/supplemented DMEM; after 48 h (day 2) cells were switched to 10% FBS/ supplemented DMEM containing only insulin, and at day 4 insulin was removed.…”

“…1,6,7 However, there is little information about their effects on adipocytes. 6,8,9 Few studies have focused on the action of procyanidins, an oligomeric class of flavonoids, in the adipose cell 10 or on the relationship between procyanidins and the adipose differentiation process.…”

“…6 Previous results from our group showed that GSPE modified the adipose metabolism. 10 Long-term GSPE treatment increased the lipolytic rate in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and downregulated some mature adipocyte markers, such as glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (G3PDH) activity, PPARg and hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) mRNA. 23 Owing to the central role of PPARg2 in the control of the differentiation process of adipose cells, we hypothesized that GSPE affects the adipogenesis of 3T3-L1 cells.…”