Changes in land use and housing on resource lands in Washington state, 1976–2006

Gray, Andrew N.; Azuma, David L.; Lettman, Gary J.; Thompson, Joel L.; McKay, N.

doi:10.2737/pnw-gtr-881

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 19 publications

(26 reference statements)

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“…The data consist of geo-referenced point observations of discrete land-use classes observed on nonfederal lands from photo-interpretation of a systematic-random grid of points located on aerial photographs for 1974for , 1984for , 2000for , 2005for , and 2009for in Oregon, and 1976for , and 2006 for Washington, at a sampling density of one point per 187 ha (e.g., Gray et al, 2013). Land-use classes include wildland forest, mixed forest-agriculture, intensive agriculture, low-density residential, and urban (Fig.…”

Section: Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Historical land-use data spanning 1974-2009for Oregon and 1976-2006 for Washington were compiled by the Oregon Department of Forestry and USDA Forest Service's Forest Inventory and Analysis Program, Pacific Northwest Research Station (Gray et al, 2013;Lettman, 2011Lettman, , 2013. The data consist of geo-referenced point observations of discrete land-use classes observed on nonfederal lands from photo-interpretation of a systematic-random grid of points located on aerial photographs for 1974for , 1984for , 2000for , 2005for , and 2009for in Oregon, and 1976for , and 2006 for Washington, at a sampling density of one point per 187 ha (e.g., Gray et al, 2013).…”

Section: Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Example depictions of land use classes from aerial photography, used with permission fromGray et al (2013).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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How well has land-use planning worked under different governance regimes? A case study in the Portland, OR-Vancouver, WA metropolitan area, USA

Kline

Thiers

Ozawa

et al. 2014

Landscape and Urban Planning

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h i g h l i g h t s• We examine urban growth boundary effectiveness at conserving farm and forest land in Portland, OR-Vancouver, WA (USA).• We focus on forest, farm, and developed land uses from the mid-1970s to the mid-2000s.• We found that urban growth boundaries have effectively contained low-density residential and urban development.• These effects have varied among counties and between the Oregon and Washington portions of the metropolitan area.• Differences in effectiveness likely owe in part to each jurisdiction's unique geography and land use planning history. a b s t r a c tWe examine land use planning outcomes over a 30-year period in the Portland, OR-Vancouver, WA (USA) metropolitan area. The four-county study region enables comparisons between three Oregon counties subject to Oregon's 1973 Land Use Act (Senate Bill 100) and Clark County, WA which implemented land use planning under Washington's 1990 Growth Management Act. We describe county-level historical land uses from the mid-1970s to the mid-2000s, including low-density residential and urban development, both outside and inside of current urban growth boundaries. We use difference-in-differences models to test whether differences in the proportions of developed land resulting from implementation of urban growth boundaries are statistically significant and whether they vary between Oregon and Washington. Our results suggest that land use planning and urban growth boundaries now mandated both in Oregon and Washington portions of the study area have had a measurable and statistically significant effect in containing development and conserving forest and agricultural lands in the Portland-Vancouver metropolitan area. Our results also suggest, however, that these effects differ across the four study-area counties, likely owing in part to differences in counties' initial levels of development, distinctly different land use planning histories, and how restrictive their urban growth boundaries were drawn.Published by Elsevier B.V.

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Section: Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

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How well has land-use planning worked under different governance regimes? A case study in the Portland, OR-Vancouver, WA metropolitan area, USA

Kline

Thiers

Ozawa

et al. 2014

Landscape and Urban Planning

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“…For example, the US National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration's Coastal Change and Analysis Program data showed that from 1992 to 2006, approximately 0.14% of the non-federal lands in Puget Sound were converted to a developed class each year. An independent Landsat-based study using data from 1986-2007 showed an annual rate of 0.5% of the land area changing to an urbanized class [55] while a US Forest Service study using 45,000 photo interpreted sample points, ranging from 1976 to 2006, found an annual new development rate of 0.38% [56]. Because land-use change in our study area over short time periods is spatially a rare event, typically acceptable land cover map accuracy rates of ~85% may be inadequate to effectively measure land cover change [57].…”

Section: Accuracy Optimizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Accuracy Optimization for High Resolution Object-Based Change Detection: An Example Mapping Regional Urbanization with 1-m Aerial Imagery

Pierce

2015

Remote Sensing

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Abstract:The utility of land-cover change data is often derived from the intersection with other information, such as riparian buffers zones or other areas of conservation concern. In order to avoid error propagation, we wanted to optimize our change maps to have very low error rates. Our accuracy optimization methods doubled the number of total change locations mapped, and also increased the area of development related mapped change by 93%. The ratio of mapped to estimated change was increased from 76.3% to 86.6%. To achieve this, we used object-based change detection to assign a probability of change for each landscape unit derived from two dates of 1 m US National Agriculture Imagery Program data. We developed a rapid assessment tool to reduce analyst review time such that thousands of locations can be reviewed per day. We reviewed all change locations with probabilities above a series of thresholds to assess commission errors and the relative cost of decreasing acceptance thresholds. The resultant change maps had only change locations verified to be changed, thus eliminating commission error. This tool facilitated efficient development of large training sets in addition to greatly reducing the effort required to manually verify all predicted change locations. The efficiency gain allowed us to review locations with less than a 50% probability of change without inflating commission errors and, thus, increased our change detection rates while eliminating both commission errors and locations that would have been omission errors among the reviewed lower probability change locations. OPEN ACCESSRemote Sens. 2015, 7 12655

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“…Some of the most remote areas of wilderness in the continental United States are found in the transboundary region of the Canadian‐United States border of the Pacific Northwest (Figure ). This area includes the North Cascades National Park Service Complex (NOCA), which provides valuable habitat for a number of species in an otherwise rapidly developing region (Gray, Azuma, Lettman, Thompson, & Mckay, ; Yeakley, Maas‐Hebner, & Hughes, ). The Skagit River is a key geographic and ecological feature in the western portion of the Park, connecting remote montane ecosystems to the Puget Sound and serving as a key wintering site for bald eagles ( Haliaeetus leucocephalus ), an apex predator that feeds in high densities on spawning of chum ( Oncorhynchus keta ), and coho ( Oncorhynchus kisutch ) salmon.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trophic implications of a phenological paradigm shift: Bald eagles and salmon in a changing climate

Rubenstein

Christophersen

Ransom

2018

Journal of Applied Ecology

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1. Climate change influences apex predators in complex ways, due to their important trophic position, capacity for resource plasticity, and sensitivity to numerous anthropogenic stressors. Bald eagles, an ecologically and culturally significant apex predator, congregate seasonally in high densities on salmon spawning rivers across the Pacific Northwest. One of the largest eagle concentrations is in the Skagit River watershed, which connects the montane wilderness of North Cascades National Park to the Puget Sound.2. Using multiple long-term datasets, we evaluated local bald eagle abundance in relation to chum and coho salmon availability; salmon phenology; and the number and timing of flood events in the Skagit. We analysed changes over time as a reflection of climate change impacts, as well as differences between managed and unmanaged portions of the river.3. We found that peaks in chum salmon and bald eagle presence have advanced at remarkably similar rates (c. 0.45 days/year), suggesting synchronous phenological responses within this trophic relationship.4. Yet the temporal relationship between chum salmon spawning and flood events, which remove salmon carcasses from the system, has not remained constant. This has resulted in a paradigm shift whereby the peak of chum spawning now occurs before the first flood event of the season rather than after. 5. The interval between peak chum and first flood event was a significant predictor of bald eagle presence: as this interval grew over time (by nearly one day per year), bald eagle counts declined, with a steady decrease in bald eagle observations since 2002. River section was also an important factor, with fewer flood events, and more eagle observations occurring in the river section experiencing direct hydroelectric flow management.6. Synthesis and applications. The effects of climate change and hydroelectric management contribute to a complex human footprint in the North Cascades National Park, an otherwise largely natural ecosystem. By accounting for the differential phenological impacts of climate change on bald eagles, salmon, and flood events, Park managers and the operators of the hydroelectric system can more effectively ensure the resilience of the eagle-salmon relationship along the Skagit River.

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Changes in land use and housing on resource lands in Washington state, 1976–2006

Cited by 7 publications

References 19 publications

How well has land-use planning worked under different governance regimes? A case study in the Portland, OR-Vancouver, WA metropolitan area, USA

How well has land-use planning worked under different governance regimes? A case study in the Portland, OR-Vancouver, WA metropolitan area, USA

Accuracy Optimization for High Resolution Object-Based Change Detection: An Example Mapping Regional Urbanization with 1-m Aerial Imagery

Trophic implications of a phenological paradigm shift: Bald eagles and salmon in a changing climate

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