Changes in intrauterine pressure after oxytocin administration in reproductively normal mares and in those with a delay in uterine clearance

Cadario, María Estela; Merritt, A. M.; Archbald, L.F.; Thatcher, W.W.; LeBlanc, Michelle M.

doi:10.1016/s0093-691x(99)00047-3

Cited by 29 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The duration of effect is dose-dependent varying from 10 min (2 IU) to 99 min (40 IU) (Cadario et al 1999, Madill et al 2002. However, a high dose given IV may result in uterine spasm instead of contractions (Campbell and England 2002).…”

Section: Oxytocinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Update on endometritis therapy

Katila¹

2016

PHK

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IntroductionThe corner stones of equine endometritis therapy are still antimicrobials and support of uterine evacuation. Chelating agents are recommended to increase the effect of antibiotics particularly in biofilm producing organisms. The use of mucolytics has increased and kerosene and DMSO have been replaced by N-acetylcysteine. Immunomodulators, corticosteroids and cell-wall extracts, are the recent additions to our toolkit. Platelet-rich-plasma is the newest therapeutic method but needs still more research. Platelet-rich plasmaPlatelet-rich plasma (PRP) is autologous blood plasma that has been enriched with platelets by centrifugation. It contains -and releases through degranulation -several different growth factors and cytokines that stimulate tissue repair. Although PRP is used in many indications in human medicine, large-scale controlled clinical trials are lacking.Three abstracts have been published about the treatment of equine endometritis using PRP. Metcalf and Troedsson (2012) used 9 barren mares with a history of persistent mating induced endometritis (PMIE). The mares were inseminated and an endometrial biopsy was obtained the following day. All mares underwent an untreated cycle followed by a PRP-treated cycle. The mRNA expression of interleukins (IL) 1b, 6 and 8 and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) was significantly downregulated in the treated cycle as compared to the non-treated cycle. In the next experiment, Metcalf (2014) had 16 mares that had been barren for >2 years. The mares underwent a non-treated cycle and a cycle where 10 ml of PRP was infused into the uterus before insemination (AI). Pregnancy rate in the treated cycle was significantly higher than in the non-treated cycle (67 vs 19 %) and accumulation of intraluminal fluid was significantly less (22 vs 100 %). Reghini et al. (2014) inseminated 15 resistant and 8 susceptible mares in two cycles: treated and non-treated. In the treatment cycle, the mares received 20 ml of PRP into the uterus 4 h after AI. The resistant mares showed no differences between the cycles in NO concentration or in intrauterine (IU) fluid accumulation, but neutrophils in cytology diminished during the treated cycle. In susceptible mares, a significant decrease was observed after PRP treatment in the three parameters examined. All three experiments were conducted with a small number of mares, so no definite conclusions can be drawn. However, PRP might be worth trying to control PMIE in problem mares that do not seem to benefit from standard treatments. Immune modulatorsThe breeding induced inflammation involves chemokine-initiated recruitment of neutrophils to the uterus leading to the removal of excess spermatozoa and pathogens. There is a delicate balance between pro-and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Susceptible mares appear to have altered expression of cytokines, particularly a deficit in the production of anti- Summary: The corner stones of equine endometritis therapy are still antimicrobials and support of uterine evacuation. Ecbolic hormones, oxyt...

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Section: Oxytocinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Update on endometritis therapy

Katila¹

2016

PHK

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“…It is commonly assumed that mares that are susceptible to PPBEM are older maiden [21,31] or multi-parous mares [21,8,9,18] with a history of repeated fluid accumulation [31] and low fertility rates [47]. However, new studies by Veronesi et al [42] show that the average age of normal mares (14 years) and susceptible mares (16 years) is not significantly different.…”

Section: Pathophysiology Of Ppbemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, care has to be taken, as tetanic contractions can occur if more than 25 IU of oxytocin are administered, leading to retention of uterine fuid [8]. It is also suggested that an inflamed endometrium is more sensitive to oxytocin than a non-inflamed endometrium [42].…”

Section: Treatment Optionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Equine post-breeding endometritis: A review

et al. 2008

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The deposition of semen, bacteria and debris in the uterus of the mare after breeding normally induces a self-limiting endometritis. The resultant fluid and inflammatory products are cleared by 48 hours post cover. Mares that are susceptible to persistent post-breeding endometritis (PPBEM) have impaired uterine defence and clearance mechanisms, making them unable to resolve this inflammation within the normal time. This persists beyond 48 hours post-breeding and causes persistent fluid accumulation within the uterus. Mares with PPBEM have an increased rate of embryonic loss and a lower overall pregnancy rate than those without the condition. To enhance conception rates, mares at high risk need optimal breeding management as well as early diagnosis, followed by the most appropriate treatment. This article reviews the pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of PPBEM and the management of affected mares.

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“…80,81 The incidence of intrauterine fluid 1 to 2 days after natural breeding has been reported to be between 15% and 43% in the general mare population, with pregnancy rates being significantly lower in these mares. 87,88 Decreased pregnancy rates have been shown when treatment consisted of 25 units compared with 15 units of oxytocin after breeding. 83 This fluid can be revealed with transrectal ultrasonography in the absence of bacterial contamination.…”

Section: Persistent Mating-induced Endometritismentioning

confidence: 99%