Changes in hippocampal astrocyte morphology of Ruddy turnstone (Arenaria interpres) during the wintering period at the mangroves of Amazon River estuary

Shorebirds’ Longer Migratory Distances Are Associated With Larger ADCYAP1 Microsatellites and Greater Morphological Complexity of Hippocampal Astrocytes

“…We found smaller changes in the mean values of hippocampal astrocytes morphological complexity which did not significantly affect the results (Carvalho-Paulo et al, 2018). However, recent findings from morphological analysis of hippocampal astrocytes of Arenaria interpres, differed significantly in the morphological complexity of hippocampal astrocytes of autumnal recently arrived migrant birds (captured in September/October) and spring premigratory individuals (captured in April/May) suggesting that as wintering period progresses, significant changes in hippocampal circuitry occur (da Costa et al, 2020). Thus, it is reasonable to expect that astrocytes have their morphology changed during the wintering period.…”

“…Type II, Type III, and Type IV named astrocytes with decreased morphological complexity. We suggest that the differences found between migratory birds' hippocampal astrocyte morphologies might be related to the adaptive response imposed by the contrasting long-distance migratory flights on learning and memory for recognition of olfactory, geomagnetic, and visual cues during migration or to recognize local cues for both migratory birds and non-migratory C. collaris (Mouritsen et al, 2016;Magalhaes et al, 2017;Carvalho-Paulo et al, 2018;da Costa et al, 2020;Henrique et al, 2020;Guerreiro et al, 2021).…”

“…Except for the hippocampal formation of A. macularius where we found four morphotypes, all other species showed three hippocampal astrocytes morphotypes. Thus, in this work, we expanded the studies of morphometry of astrocytes to C. collaris Please remember that we named astrocytes based on morphological complexity as previously described in shorebirds (Carvalho-Paulo et al, 2018;da Costa et al, 2020;Henrique et al, 2020). Type I designates the morphotype with greater morphological complexity mean value in all species and that a progressive reduction in the mean values of morphological complexity is observed from type I to type IV.…”

“…FIGURE 8 | Relative percentage of Type I, Type II, Type III and Type IV astrocytes in the hippocampal formation of C. collaris, C. semipalmatus, C. pusilla, and A. macularius. Note that except by A. macularius where type III appears in greater proportion, astrocytes of intermediate morphological complexity (Type II) are more frequent in all other three species.Please remember that we named astrocytes based on morphological complexity as previously described in shorebirds(Carvalho-Paulo et al, 2018;da Costa et al, 2020;Henrique et al, 2020). Type I designates the morphotype with greater morphological complexity mean value in all species and that a progressive reduction in the mean values of morphological complexity is observed from type I to type IV.…”

Genetic Disruption of System xc- Mediated Glutamate Release from Astrocytes Increases Negative-Outcome Behaviors While Preserving Basic Brain Function in Rat

“…Further, astrocytic glutamate impacts neuronal networks by coordinating communication between discrete neuronal ensembles (Lee et al, 2014; Martin et al, 2015; Poskanzer and Yuste, 2016; Sardinha et al, 2017). Lastly, enhanced complexity of spatial navigation information during seasonal migration are paralleled by increases in the number and morphological complexity of astrocytes within hippocampal networks (da Costa et al, 2020; Henrique et al, 2021; de Almeida Miranda et al, 2022). However, enhanced sign-tracking and cocaine reinstatement can arise from either increased bottom-up stimulation of behavior from processes such as incentive salience or reduced top-down regulation of behavior involving the frontal cortex and processes such as cognitive control (Jentsch and Taylor, 1999; Flagel et al, 2008; Feil et al, 2010; Robinson et al, 2014; Bickel et al, 2016; Kuhn et al, 2018; Sarter and Phillips, 2018; Gillis and Morrison, 2019; Colaizzi et al, 2020).…”