Changes in Grassland and Their Impact
on Milk Production in Poland in the Context
of Environmental Protection

Bórawski, Piotr; Gotkiewicz, Wojciech; Bełdycka-Bórawska, Aneta; Szymańska, Elżbieta; Brelik, Agnieszka; Harper, Jayson K.; Dunn, James W.

doi:10.15244/pjoes/110040

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The final dependent variable income of the family farm depended on X 3 -cow numbers, X 5 -value of fixed assets, X 8 -value of current assets. The all analyzed regression models have a high coefficient of determination R 2 , which indicates the high level of fit of the models [22].…”

Section: Factors Shaping Production In Dairy Organic Farms Running Ru...mentioning

confidence: 90%

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Development of Organic Milk Production in Poland on the Background of the EU

Bórawski

Parzonko

et al. 2021

Agriculture

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Organic milk production is an environmentally friendly production system based on local forage and a ban on using chemical fertilizers and certain other rules. Organic milk is considered to be healthier and is gaining attention worldwide. The market for organic products is increasing. The aim of the paper was to analyze changes in the development of organic dairy production in Poland in the context of the EU. We analyzed the changes on the European Union (EU) level and the Poland level. To analyze the changes in organic milk production on European Union level, we used the autoregressive integrated moving average model (ARIMA). Our results show that both organic milk production and the farm area used for organic production will increase. Moreover, we analyzed the organic dairy farms running rural accountancy within the Farm Accountancy Data Network (FADN) in Poland in the years 2007–2018. We used tabular and graphic methods to present the data. In the analysis the methods of correlation and regression were used. Germany, France, Austria, and Great Britain are the countries with the largest numbers of organic dairy cows. Our prognosis examined the development of organic milk production in the European Union (EU). The number of cows on dairy organic farms will increase in most countries in the EU. Then, we analyzed the impact of the chosen factors on three dependent variables: organic milk production, total production of organic dairy farms, and income from family farms. The most important independent variables were cow numbers, the value of fixed assets, the value of current assets, long-term debt, and short-term debt.

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Section: Factors Shaping Production In Dairy Organic Farms Running Ru...mentioning

confidence: 90%

“…However, the area has decreased 3.8% in the years 2007-2017. This means that more land is devoted to non-agricultural activities [22].…”

Section: Factors Shaping Organic Milk Production In Polandmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of Organic Milk Production in Poland on the Background of the EU

Bórawski

Parzonko

et al. 2021

Agriculture

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“…The increasing demand for land resulted in significantly higher prices over time. The land in the National Center for Agricultural Support (KOWR) mostly was sold to private investors and the amount of available land decreased from 108 thousand ha in 2005 to 4 thousand ha in 2017 (Table 4) [99]. Another factor shaping investment in Polish agriculture is average farm size.…”

Section: Factors Shaping Investment In Polish Agriculture and Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on the results of the regression analysis, it can be concluded that outlays on fixed assets for environmental protection is primarily influenced by X 2 -average farm area and X 3 -sale of land from the National Center for Agricultural Support. Economic growth has at negative impact on the environment, especially the global climate [99]. One of the resources that is affected by global climate change is water.…”

Section: Factors Shaping Investment In Polish Agriculture and Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investments in Polish Agriculture: How Production Factors Shape Conditions for Environmental Protection?

et al. 2020

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In recent years, social and economic goals have been preferable compared to environmental issues. However, global problems with the environment, increasing pollution, and gas heating emissions have made environmental issues a major priority. Suddenly, human beings have realized that environmental investments are needed to maintain better world conditions for future generations. This article investigates the development of agricultural investment in the context of production factors in Polish voivodeships in the years 2000–2018. Farmers have to choose between investing and developing production or being more environmentally friendly and invest on a smaller scale or transform their farms into organic production. Moreover, the investment in environmental protection in Poland was analyzed. Investment outlays on fixed assets for environmental protection and outlays on fixed assets for water management were investigated. The level of investment has changed since Poland joined the EU. With membership, Poland gained access to new markets and technology. Particular attention has been focused on production factors (land, capital, and the work force). We have conducted as a proxy regular regression analysis and after panel regression to measure the impact of the chosen factors on explained variables: investment outlays in agriculture, and investment outlays per 1 ha of agricultural land. We have used correlation analysis to examine the relations between explanatory variables and total gross investment in agriculture and total investment outlays in agriculture per 1 ha of agricultural land, outlays on fixed assets for environmental protection, and outlays on fixed assets for water management. Our analysis confirms that explanatory variables are important in shaping total investment outlays in agriculture and total investment outlays per 1 ha of agricultural land.

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Polish Dairy Farm Transformations and Competitiveness 20 Years after Poland’s Accession to the European Union

Ziętara,

Pietrzak,

Malak-Rawlikowska

2024

Animals

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Poland is one of the leading milk producers in the EU, being the fifth largest after countries such as Germany, France, Italy, and the Netherlands. From Poland’s accession to the European Union in 2004 up to 2022, Polish milk production experienced dynamic development. In this, there occurred a strong decline in the number of dairy farms (by −78%) and the number of cows (by −21%), an increase in dairy herd size (3.5 times) and increase in milk production (+60%) and milk yield per cow (by +62%). These were among the highest growth dynamics among the analysed countries. As a result of this significant transformation, Poland maintained an important position in milk exports, with a 31% export share in production in 2022. The scale of milk production was the basic factor determining the efficiency and competitiveness of dairy farms in Poland. Milk yield, farmland productivity, labour productivity, milk price, and the Corrected Competitiveness Index (based on labour and land opportunity costs) all showed a positive relationship with cow herd size on the farm. Milk production is highly uncompetitive for smaller farms (<15 cows). Despite substantial public support, the smaller farms, where subsidies equal up to 47% of total production value, could not earn sufficient income to cover the cost of capital, risk, and management in 2008, and even more so in 2021. This is because the farm income is too small to cover the extremely high opportunity cost of labour. The larger farms (with 30 cows and more) are competitive and responsible for the majority (~60–70%) of milk produced and delivered to the market. The most challenging from the sectoral policy point of view are medium farms (10–29 cows), whose share in production and deliveries is still important. To survive as economically viable units, these farms have to increase in scale and improve productivity. Otherwise, they will be gradually supplanted by larger farms.

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Changes in Grassland and Their Impact on Milk Production in Poland in the Context of Environmental Protection

Cited by 3 publications

References 22 publications

Development of Organic Milk Production in Poland on the Background of the EU

Development of Organic Milk Production in Poland on the Background of the EU

Investments in Polish Agriculture: How Production Factors Shape Conditions for Environmental Protection?

Polish Dairy Farm Transformations and Competitiveness 20 Years after Poland’s Accession to the European Union

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