Changes in ghrelin, leptin and pro-inflammatory cytokines after therapy in Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome (OSAS) patients.

Abstract

Elevated leptin levels are not determined by obesity alone, since they decreased with Apnea Hypopnea Index reduction. Higher pro-inflammatory cytokine basal levels observed in patients with OSAS were not correlated with BMI.

Interleukin-6 and vitamin D serum levels in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome before and after long-term continuous positive airway pressure treatment

“…Importantly, a strong correlation between AHI changes and serum cytokine levels has been demonstrated independently of BMI [10]. Another study provided evidence connecting a distinct biomarker pro le, including high IL-6 levels after sleep, in patients with moderate/severe OSAS than those with mild/no OSAS [21].…”

“…The ndings of the current study agree with the study by Kong et al [47] documented that CPAP treatment does not consistently reduce elevated IL-6 levels. However, this issue has been challenged in research, by studies reported that IL-6 level changes were markedly attenuated by long-term CPAP therapy [10,32] or sleep apnea surgical procedures [48]. The pooling of eight published reports in adults with OSAS revealed that plasma IL-6 levels ranged from 1.2 to 131.7 pg/mL before CPAP treatment and signi cantly decreased to between 0.45 to 66.04 pg/mL after CPAP treatment [48].…”

“…Although there are contradictory data [8], most studies support that IL-6 serves as a reliable reporter or an actual effector of either OSAS or OSAS-associated morbidities [9]. Furthermore, it has been reported that continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy decreases IL-6 levels in OSAS patients [10].…”

Leptin Elevation as a Risk Factor for Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis Independent of Obesity Status

“…To our knowledge, we are among the first to describe patients with abnormally elevated leptin levels in the absence of obesity or a known additional diagnosis. A comprehensive literature search showed that among non-obese patients, differences in leptin levels have been shown with multiple other endocrine conditions (decreased in hypothyroidism 55 and elevated in precocious puberty 56,57 , hyperinsulinemia 57 , elevation of thyroid autoantibodies 58 , idiopathic intracranial hypertension 59 , and hypothalamic dysfunction 60 ), pulmonary conditions (decreased in smokers 32,61 and elevated in asthmatics 62 , adults with impaired lung function 63 , obesity hypoventilation syndrome 64 , and obstructive sleep apnea 65 ), and multiple myeloma 66 and in the setting of elevated uric acid 67 . Despite this extensive list, the magnitude of difference in leptin levels between cases and unaffected controls in these studies was usually only a few nanograms per milliliter, far smaller than the variations we have presented herein.…”

The Impact of Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Positive Airway Pressure Therapy on Metabolic Peptides Regulating Appetite, Food Intake, Energy Homeostasis, and Systemic Inflammation: A Literature Review

“…Some studies showed a reduction in leptin levels with PAP therapy after 1-6 months. [80][81][82] It looks like this effect, especially in the long term, is mediated through BMI reduction. Chin et al found that PAP therapy reduced the visceral fat in patients with OSA with or without changes in body weight.…”