Changes in Extractable Si, Fe, and Mn as Affected by Silicon, Salinity, and Waterlogging in a Sandy Loam Soil

Abstract

Silicon (Si) is one of the most abundant elements in the earth's crust, although its availability may be affected by some edaphic and abiotic factorssuch as soil moisture and salinity. In a laboratory experiment, effects of silicon (Si), salinity, and soil moisture on changes of extractable Si, iron (Fe), and manganese (Mn) concentrations were investigated on a sandy loam calcareous soil. The experiment was arranged as a factorial completely randomized design with three replications. Two levels of Si (8 and 200 mg per kg of soil), three salinity levels [0.46 dS m −1 , 8 dS m −1 as sodium chloride (NaCl), and 8 dS m −1 as four-salt combination], two soil moisture regimes (-20 kPa and waterlogged), and four incubation times (0, 7, 30, and 45 days) were applied. Salt composition consisted of sodium chloride, sodium sulfate, calcium chloride, and magnesium sulfate at a molar ratio of 4:2:2:1. Acetic acid-extractable Si, Fe, and Mn were determined after 0, 7, 30, and 45 days of incubation. Waterlogging caused significant increase in the extractable Si, Fe, and Mn. Soil salinity of 8 dS m −1 , only in the form of sodium chloride, resulted in a marked decrease in extractable Si, Fe, and Mn. Silicon addition enhanced the soil Si concentration, with no effect on Fe and Mn. Equilibrium time for Si and Fe was 30 days, whereas Mn concentration reached to a constant level after 1 week of waterlogging. It was concluded that Si, Fe, and Mn fertilizers should be applied in sufficient amounts to the saline soils to prevent their deficiencies in plants. Meanwhile, overfertilization in waterlogged conditions must be avoided, because of the probability of nutrient imbalance or toxicity.

Influence of Manganese Fertilizer on Grapes Efficiency on Sandy Soils of the South Russia

“…Manganese deficiency becomes noticeable firstly on young leaves by a lighter green color or discoloration (chlorosis). Results of patent searches and generalization of published data show the studies were conducted in the are of manganese effect on grape plants growth in sandy soils (Saleh et al, 2013). Such studies are not only of great practical but also of the theoretical value.…”

Soil organic carbon stabilization and associated mineral protection in typical coastal wetlands under different hydrologic conditions

“…The significantly lower mean contents of Al/Fe/Si oxides (except for Si p ) in NPW than in TPW or FPW (Figure 4), and the significantly lower values of mineral phase indicators in NPW than those in TPW indicate that the hydrologic conditions might affect the formation and amount of Al/Fe/Si oxides. Saleh et al (2013) reported that waterlogging significantly increased the concentrations of acetic acid-extractable Si and Fe in a laboratory experiment. Compared with dry land, flooded paddy soils contained higher contents of Al/Fe oxides, and higher soil moisture in flooded soils can accelerate the association of Fe and SOC (Zhou et al, 2009;Balint et al, 2013).…”

Influence of boron fertiIization on productivity of grape plants

“…It does not focus the enzyme or substrate for the active course of the reaction due to chelation processes as Mn 2+ , Zn 2+ or Mg 2+ , it does not provide the implementation of the biochemical processes due to valence change as Fe 2+ , Cu 2+ or Mo . The metabolic mechanism of boron ion reaction is similar to phosphate ion, as capable of forming boric acid esters with OH groups, primarily sugars (Saleh et al, 2013). Feature of boron nutrition is stable content of compound in plants because it cannot be destructed in a plant, so the disadvantage of this compound is detected primarily at the youngest parts of plants whose growth is severely limited .…”