Changes in Energy Consumption in Agriculture in the EU Countries

Rokicki, Tomasz; Perkowska, Aleksandra; Klepacki, Bogdan; Bórawski, Piotr; Bełdycka-Bórawska, Aneta; Michalski, Konrad

doi:10.3390/en14061570

Cited by 63 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 119 publications

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“…Thus, the energy consumption of transport may be related to the economic situation and the mobility of the society. Enhanced energy absorption in transport is associated with increased total energy utilization in the economy [7][8][9][10][11]. Such relationships were found in the Banister and Stead studies.…”

Section: Introduction 1the Importance Of Transport In Energy Consumptionmentioning

confidence: 63%

Diversity and Changes in Energy Consumption by Transport in EU Countries

Rokicki¹,

Koszela²,

Ochnio³

et al. 2021

Energies

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The main purpose of this paper is to present the differences in the volume of energy consumption in transport in the EU (European Union) countries. The specific objectives aim to determine the directions of changes and the degree of concentration in the volume of energy utilized by the transport sector in EU states, showing various models in this area, to establish the association between energy absorption and the parameters of the economy and in the field of transport. All EU countries were selected for research by the use of the purposeful selection method as of 31 December 2018. The analyzed period covered the years 2004–2018. For the examination of data, grading data analysis was used as one of the methods of multivariate data analysis. Descriptive, tabular and graphic methods were used to present the results. Findings reveal that there is a general tendency to reduce total energy consumption in the EU countries. The same is the case of energy in transport. Only in 2016–2018 was there an increase in energy absorption in transport. The reason was the better economic situation in this period. Road conveyance is the most important factor in energy utilization (over 90%). The share of other modes of transport was very small. Economically developing countries were the fastest in increasing energy absorption in transport per capita. In turn, highly developed states recorded slight growth and were stable in this aspect. There was a close relationship between energy utilization in transport per capita and GDP per capita. The reduction of energy consumption in transport depends on changes in road haulage, e.g., the pace of introducing innovative energy-saving technologies in automotive transport.

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Section: Introduction 1the Importance Of Transport In Energy Consumptionmentioning

confidence: 63%

Diversity and Changes in Energy Consumption by Transport in EU Countries

Rokicki¹,

Koszela²,

Ochnio³

et al. 2021

Energies

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“…As a result, the profitability of the investment significantly decreased [60][61][62][63][64]. In turn, attracting investments in renewable energy is influenced by e.g., tax incentives and properly designed feed-in tariffs [65][66][67][68][69][70]. About 80% of countries with high and higher than medium level of development offer support for renewable energy investments [71,72].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investments in Renewable Energy Sources in Basic Units of Local Government in Rural Areas

et al. 2021

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The main purpose of the study was to identify the level and factors influencing investments in renewable energy sources (RES) in basic local government units in rural areas. The specific objectives were to define the conditions for the development of renewable energy sources in Poland, to determine the directions of changes as well as the importance of renewable energy in Poland, to present the relationship between the level of expenditure on renewable energy and budget components in rural and rural-urban communes. The Świętokrzyskie voivodeship (Voivodship—a unit of the highest administration level in Poland, since 1990 a unit of the primary territorial division of government administration, since 1999 also a unit of local government, there were 16 voivodships in Poland.), which is one of the centrally located voivodeships in Poland, was purposefully selected for the research. The research period covered the years 2016–2019. The sources of materials were the literature on the subject, as well as empirical materials obtained at the Voivodeship Statistical Office. The following methods were used for the analysis and presentation of materials: descriptive, tabular, graphical, Gini concentration coefficient, Lorenz concentration curve, Kendall’s tau correlation coefficient and Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient. Poland is one of the countries with quite high dependence on hard and brown coal. Changes in the structure of energy sources are slow. Investments in renewable energy are necessary. The problem in this respect is the lack of a proper law. Despite this, investments in renewable energy are being made in rural areas. In the Świętokrzyskie voivodeship, only 28% of communes made such investments. It was found that only in urban rural communes the amount of investment expenditures in renewable energy sources was related to the level of budget expenditures and property expenditures of the commune. The amount of support from the European Union aid funds was positively correlated with the level of expenditure on investments in renewable energy. Therefore, it can be concluded that without the support from EU funds, it is not possible to invest in renewable energy in local government units.

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“…The latter are also accused and sometimes stigmatised for being harmful to the environment, including bioflora, in an almost hidden yet significant way. Agriculture, a potentially important producer of resources for renewable energy generation [62] also seems to be in decline in this respect. Although the issue of supporting the production of energy resources in agriculture is one of the components of the EU Common Agricultural Policy, between 2014 and 2020 the "enthusiasm" in this area has clearly faded [63].…”

Section: Achievement Of Eu Energy Policy Targetsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy Policy of European Union Member States in the Context of Renewable Energy Sources Development

et al. 2021

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As a consequence of increasing air pollution, the European Commission has decided to introduce special directives laying down the measures to achieve climate and energy neutrality. Renewable energy (RE) sources play an important role in the pursuit of these goals, which has been taken into account in the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. The aim of this article is to describe patterns and trends in the achievements of the energy policy of European Union (EU) countries in the field of renewable energy in sustainable development. The identification of leaders in this field gives the possibility to analyse actions taken by the governments of these countries and the possible implementation of the introduced solutions on the ground of individual Member States at the regional and national levels. At the beginning Main goal of energy policy on the field of renewable energy sources (RES) is to increase production from environmentally friendly sources that is why trends were determined in order to assess the rate of achievement of the national target for changes the share of energy from renewable sources in total gross energy consumption. Groups of similar countries were then identified on the basis of three indicators corresponding to the targets set in the climate and energy package. In the group of analysed countries, 14 have achieved the 2020 targets and 4 have exceeded the 2030 targets. The main renewable energy sources (RES) are biofuels, wind, and hydropower. In the assessment of the achievement of energy policy targets, the best situation was observed in the case of Denmark, Ireland, and the United Kingdom. These countries have significantly increased the share of renewable energy in total energy consumption. Compared to other EU countries, they have reduced the economy’s energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions the most.

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Changes in Energy Consumption in Agriculture in the EU Countries

Cited by 63 publications

References 119 publications

Diversity and Changes in Energy Consumption by Transport in EU Countries

Diversity and Changes in Energy Consumption by Transport in EU Countries

Investments in Renewable Energy Sources in Basic Units of Local Government in Rural Areas

Energy Policy of European Union Member States in the Context of Renewable Energy Sources Development

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