Changes in diet and physical activity affect the body mass index of Chinese adults

Paeratakul, Sahasporn; Bm, Popkin; Ge, Keyou; Ls, Adair; Stevens, June

doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0800603

Cited by 154 publications

(133 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…This pattern is consistent with earlier research examining overweight trends for Chinese children (1991-1997) and adults (1989-2000) (Wang et al, 2002(Wang et al, , 2006a. The pattern is contrary to trend data from the 1980s showing increased overweight among Chinese women Paeratakul et al, 1998;Wang et al, 2006a). Explanations for the shift may be linked to an increasing desire for slimness among Chinese women or a preference given to males when allocating household resources (Lee, 1993;Lee et al, 1996;Lee and Lee, 2000;Luo et al, 2001;Fung and Yuen, 2003).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

“…Varying patterns of change in weight status for Chinese children and adults are hypothesized to be influenced by biological differences in adults and children, variations in how children and adults are affected by environmental change and possible interaction between biological and environmental factors . Increases in the overweight prevalence among adults have been linked with decreases in work-and transport-related physical activity, while a relationship between overweight and a high-fat, low-fiber diet has been found for both children and adults (Paeratakul et al, 1998;Bell et al, 2001Bell et al, , 2002Wang et al, 2003). More research is needed in order to better understand the relationship between weight status changes for children and adults.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Under- and overnutrition dynamics in Chinese children and adults (1991–2004)

2007

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Objective: To examine trends in under-and overweight prevalence from 1991 to 2004 among adults and children in China by income and residence differentials. Methods/Subjects: Prevalence, average annual changes and annual relative changes in under-and overweight were determined. In 1991, 2848 children and 6806 adults were surveyed. The 2004 survey included 1566 children and 6172 adults. Results: Higher average annual reductions in underweight prevalence were found among children, particularly rural children, when compared with adults. With respect to income, low-income children and adults experienced the greatest average annual reductions in underweight prevalence. The trend for increased overweight was more pronounced than the trend for decreased underweight. Intensified trends were found among adults (versus children) and males (versus females). Relative to baseline prevalence, overweight increased fastest among adults in low-income and rural populations. Conclusions: Rapid increases in the overweight prevalence, particularly as found among low-income and rural Chinese adults, will likely lead to a shift in the burden of obesity-related chronic diseases toward the poor. Associated economic and health implications will further challenge the country's health care system, restrain economic development and widen existing disparities between the rural and urban as well as between the rich and poor populations of China.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Under- and overnutrition dynamics in Chinese children and adults (1991–2004)

2007

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“…Given the enormous heterogeneity in activities within a narrow occupation, this provides a much more precise measure of energy expenditures at work than a classical measure of occupation. While formal reliability and validity analyses have not been run on this variable, several published studies have found it to be a more significant predictor of weight than classical measures of occupation (Bell, Ge, & Popkin, 2001;Paeratakul, Popkin, Ge, Adair, & Stevens, 1998;Stookey, Adair, Stevens, & Popkin, 2001). Further, it is closely related to several survey instruments which have been shown to have good reliability and validity in diverse populations (Ainsworth, Richardson, Jacobs, Leon, & Sternfeld, 1999;Baecke, Burema, & Frijters, 1982;Philippaerts & Lefevre, 1998;Reis, Dubose, Ainsworth, Macera, & Yore, 2005).…”

Section: Dependent Variablementioning

confidence: 99%

China's transition: The effect of rapid urbanization on adult occupational physical activity

Monda

Gordon‐Larsen

Stevens

et al. 2007

Social Science & Medicine

213

185

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China has recently undergone rapid social and economic change. Increases in urbanization have led to equally rapid shifts toward more sedentary occupations through the acquisition of new technology and transitions away from a mostly agricultural economy. Our purpose was to utilize a detailed measure of urbanicity comprising 10 dimensions of urban services and infrastructure to examine its effects on the occupational physical activity patterns of Chinese adults. Longitudinal data were from individuals aged 18-55 from the years 1991-1997 of the China Health and Nutrition Survey (N=4376 men and 4384 women). Logistic multilevel regression analyses indicated that men had 68% greater odds, and women had 51% greater odds, of light versus heavy occupational activity given the mean change in urbanization over the 6-year period. Further, simulations showed that light occupational activity increased linearly with increasing urbanization. After controlling for individual-level predictors, community-level urbanization explained 54% and 40% of the variance in occupational activity for men and women, respectively. This study provides empirical evidence of the reduction in intensity of occupational activity with modernization. It is likely that urbanization will continue unabated in China and this is liable to lead to further transitions in the labor market resulting in additional reductions in work-related activity. Because occupational activity remains the major source of energy expenditure for adults, unless alternative forms are widely adopted, the Chinese population is at risk of dramatic increases in the numbers of overweight and obese individuals.

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“…During a detailed interview, respondents were asked about the time spent sitting, standing, walking and lifting heavy loads during an average working day, and then were categorized as having light, moderate or heavy occupational activity. While formal reliability and validity analyses have not been run on this variable, several published studies have found it to be a significant predictor of weight (Paeratakul et al, 1998;Bell et al, 2001;Stookey et al, 2001). Further, it is closely related to several survey instruments, which have been shown to have good reliability and validity in diverse populations (Baecke et al, 1982;Philippaerts and Lefevre, 1998;Ainsworth et al, 1999;Reis et al, 2005).…”

Section: Study Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Longitudinal relationships between occupational and domestic physical activity patterns and body weight in China

Monda

Zhai³

et al. 2007

Eur J Clin Nutr

145

114

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Objectives: To examine the longitudinal relationship between occupational and domestic sources of physical activity and body weight in a sample of Chinese adults. Methods: Population-based longitudinal observational study of Chinese adults (4697 women and 4708 men) aged 18-55 from the 1991, 1993, 1997, and 2000 waves of the China Health and Nutrition Survey. Measured height and weight and detailed self-reported energy expenditure from multiple occupational and domestic sources were assessed over a 9-year period. Longitudinal relationships were modeled using linear random effects models. Results: Increased occupational physical activity resulted in overall lower body weight for both men and women (b-coefficients (95% confidence interval (CI)) for high levels: À0.46 (À0.76, À0.15) for men, À0.36 (À0.62, À0.10) for women, and increased domestic physical activity resulted in overall lower body weight in men (b-coefficient (95% CI): À0.40 (À0.62, À0.18)). Conclusions: Physical activity that occurs in the occupational and domestic sectors is often overlooked; yet our research suggests they have important effects on body weight in Chinese adults. As China continues to urbanize, energy expenditure from these sources is decreasing, and our results point out the need to explore these types of physical activity more broadly across the world as potential sources of weight gain.

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Changes in diet and physical activity affect the body mass index of Chinese adults

Cited by 154 publications

References 18 publications

Under- and overnutrition dynamics in Chinese children and adults (1991–2004)

Under- and overnutrition dynamics in Chinese children and adults (1991–2004)

China's transition: The effect of rapid urbanization on adult occupational physical activity

Longitudinal relationships between occupational and domestic physical activity patterns and body weight in China

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