Changes in Cholinesterase Activity in Blood of Adolescent with Metabolic Syndrome after Supplementation with Extract fromAronia melanocarpa

Abstract

Obesity and metabolic syndrome (MetS) are growing problems among children and adolescents. There are no reports of changes in the activity of butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) in children and adolescents with metabolic syndrome especially after supplementation with extract from Aronia melanocarpa. Materials studied included plasma and erythrocytes isolated from peripheral blood of patients with MetS and healthy subjects. We have estimated the following parameters: acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) activity, lipid peroxidation and lipids levels in plasma, and erythrocytes membrane. In patients with MetS, a significant increase in AChE and BChE activity, higher LDL-cholesterol and triacylglycerol levels, and lower HDL-cholesterol level were observed. Supplementation with A. melanocarpa extract resulted in mild but statistically significant reduction of total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and triacylglycerol levels and caused an increase in HDL-cholesterol level and a decrease in lipid peroxidation in plasma patients with MetS. Additionally, a decrease in lipid peroxidation and cholesterol level and a decrease in AChE activity in the erythrocyte membranes after supplementation with A. melanocarpa were noted. Summarizing, an increase in AChE and BChE activity and disruption of lipid metabolism in patients with MetS were observed. After supplementation of MetS patients with A. melanocarpa extract, a decrease in AChE activity and oxidative stress was noted.

The effect of Aronia consumption on lipid profile, blood pressure, and biomarkers of inflammation: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials

“…Nine articles were excluded based on the following reasons: (a) no RCT design ( n = 13), (b) in vitro trial ( n = 9), and (c) no placebo ( n = 7). Finally, six articles (seven studies) with 286 participants (Broncel et al, ; Duchnowicz et al, ; Loo et al, ; Naruszewicz, Laniewska, Millo, & Dluzniewski, ; Petrovic et al, ; Xie et al, ) were included in the meta‐analysis.…”

“…Included articles were published between 2007 and 2018. They were conducted in the United States (Xie et al, ), Poland (Broncel et al, ; Duchnowicz et al, ; Naruszewicz et al, ), Serbia (Petrovic et al, ), and Finland (Loo et al, ). Mean dose of the Aronia supplement was 228 ml or mg/day (100–500 ml or mg/day).…”

“…From the seven included studies, seven investigated CL (Broncel et al, ; Duchnowicz et al, ; Loo et al, ; Naruszewicz et al, ; Petrovic et al, ; Xie et al, ), four on LDL (Broncel et al, ; Duchnowicz et al, ; Naruszewicz et al, ; Xie et al, ), five on HDL (Broncel et al, ; Duchnowicz et al, ; Loo et al, ; Naruszewicz et al, ; Xie et al, ), seven on TG (Broncel et al, ; Duchnowicz et al, ; Loo et al, ; Naruszewicz et al, ; Petrovic et al, ; Xie et al, ), two on SBP (Loo et al, ; Xie et al, ), two on DBP (Loo et al, ; Xie et al, ), three on IL‐6 (Loo et al, ; Naruszewicz et al, ; Xie et al, ), two on TNF (Loo et al, ; Xie et al, ), and four on CRP (Broncel et al, ; Loo et al, ; Naruszewicz et al, ; Xie et al, ).…”

“…In this meta‐analysis, combined results did not show any difference between consumptions of Aronia juice and Aronia supplementation. The extracted form of Aronia was used for supplementation, which contained all bioactive components of Aronia, such as polyphenols, anthocyanins, hydroxycinnamic acids, and proanthocyanidins (Broncel et al, ; Duchnowicz et al, ; Naruszewicz et al, ; Xie et al, ). In interventions with juice of Aronia, bioactive components are consistent with the extracted form of Aronia (Loo et al, ; Petrovic et al, ), so it is likely that both forms of administration had equivalent effects; notwithstanding, the influence of administration type should be more acutely investigated in further RCTs.…”

“…A study by Broncel et al () revealed that an increased intake of polyphenol, from Aronia berry, for 2 months, reduced biomarkers of cardiovascular diseases risk. Further evidence of the efficacy of Aronia (or its species) was highlighted in a study by Duchnowicz, Ziobro, Rapacka, Koter‐Michalak, and Bukowska (), whom reported that after 2 months of chokeberry extract supplementation, the lipid peroxidation in children with metabolic syndrome declined by 48% from baseline, total cholesterol level was reduced by 4% and LDL‐cholesterol level by 5%, with a concomitant increase in high‐density lipoprotein (HDL)‐cholesterol level by 3%, whereas triacylglycerol levels decreased by 12%.…”