Changes in Cerebral Blood Flow during Steady-State Cycling Exercise: A Study Using Oxygen-15-Labeled Water with PET

Hiura, Mikio; Nariai, Tadashi; Ishii, Kenji; Sakata, Muneyuki; Oda, Kazuhiro; Toyohara, Jun; Ishiwata, Kiichi

doi:10.1038/jcbfm.2013.220

Cited by 63 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Compared with the rest of the body, the metabolic rate of the brain is high and is similar during mental activity and sleep (Armstrong, 1983), as well as during rest and moderate exercise (Hiura et al, 2014;Wilcox et al, 1970). On a tissue-mass-specific basis, brain metabolic rate in a resting mammal is about two-thirds of the rates of the most active organs (heart, liver, kidney) and more than 10-times higher than that of the rest of the body (Wang et al, 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Scaling of cerebral blood perfusion in primates and marsupials

Seymour

Angove

Snelling

et al. 2015

Journal of Experimental Biology

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The evolution of primates involved increasing body size, brain size and presumably cognitive ability. Cognition is related to neural activity, metabolic rate and rate of blood flow to the cerebral cortex. These parameters are difficult to quantify in living animals. This study shows that it is possible to determine the rate of cortical brain perfusion from the size of the internal carotid artery foramina in skulls of certain mammals, including haplorrhine primates and diprotodont marsupials. We quantify combined blood flow rate in both internal carotid arteries as a proxy of brain metabolism in 34 species of haplorrhine primates (0.116-145 kg body mass) and compare it to the same analysis for 19 species of diprotodont marsupials (0.014-46 kg). Brain volume is related to body mass by essentially the same exponent of 0.70 in both groups. Flow rate increases with haplorrhine brain volume to the 0.95 power, which is significantly higher than the exponent (0.75) expected for most organs according to 'Kleiber's Law'. By comparison, the exponent is 0.73 in marsupials. Thus, the brain perfusion rate increases with body size and brain size much faster in primates than in marsupials. The trajectory of cerebral perfusion in primates is set by the phylogenetically older groups (New and Old World monkeys, lesser apes) and the phylogenetically younger groups (great apes, including humans) fall near the line, with the highest perfusion. This may be associated with disproportionate increases in cortical surface area and mental capacity in the highly social, larger primates.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Scaling of cerebral blood perfusion in primates and marsupials

Seymour

Angove

Snelling

et al. 2015

Journal of Experimental Biology

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“…In humans, the cerebral blood flow only peaks at the onset of physical activity and decreases again during constant physical activity, while the cardiac output is still at an elevated level (Querido and Sheel, 2012). The initial increase due to physical exercise (steady-state cycling) has been quantified for healthy humans as 27.9 ± 28.6% and the increase during prolonged exercise has been reported 2.6 ± 13.5% (Hiura et al, 2014). Both of these changes are smaller than the increase in cardiac output which is 92% and 118% respectively.…”

Section: Limitations and Future Workmentioning

confidence: 98%

The influence of anesthesia and fluid–structure interaction on simulated shear stress patterns in the carotid bifurcation of mice

Wilde

Trachet

Meyer

et al. 2016

Journal of Biomechanics

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Segers, the Influence of anesthesia and fluid-structure interaction on simulated shear stress patterns in the carotid bifurcation of mice, Journal of Biomechanics, http://dx.doi.org/10. 1016/j.jbiomech.2016.06.010 This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting galley proof before it is published in its final citable form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.

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“…During steady-state cycling, for example, global brain blood flow increases in parallel with cardiac output and O 2 consumption, despite the fact that mean arterial pressure remains constant (26). The increases in regional brain blood flow correspond to the neural networks associated with central command and skeletal muscle afferents (37).…”

Section: Why Might Physical Activity Be Part Of the Solution?mentioning

confidence: 98%

Exercise, cognitive function, and aging

Barnes

2015

Advances in Physiology Education

235

154

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Increasing the lifespan of a population is often a marker of a country's success. With the percentage of the population over 65 yr of age expanding, managing the health and independence of this population is an ongoing concern. Advancing age is associated with a decrease in cognitive function that ultimately affects quality of life. Understanding potential adverse effects of aging on brain blood flow and cognition may help to determine effective strategies to mitigate these effects on the population. Exercise may be one strategy to prevent or delay cognitive decline. This review describes how aging is associated with cardiovascular disease risks, vascular dysfunction, and increasing Alzheimer's disease pathology. It will also discuss the possible effects of aging on cerebral vascular physiology, cerebral perfusion, and brain atrophy rates. Clinically, these changes will present as reduced cognitive function, neurodegeneration, and the onset of dementia. Regular exercise has been shown to improve cognitive function, and we hypothesize that this occurs through beneficial adaptations in vascular physiology and improved neurovascular coupling. This review highlights the potential interactions and ideas of how the age-associated variables may affect cognition and may be moderated by regular exercise.

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Changes in Cerebral Blood Flow during Steady-State Cycling Exercise: A Study Using Oxygen-15-Labeled Water with PET

Cited by 63 publications

References 37 publications

Scaling of cerebral blood perfusion in primates and marsupials

Scaling of cerebral blood perfusion in primates and marsupials

The influence of anesthesia and fluid–structure interaction on simulated shear stress patterns in the carotid bifurcation of mice

Exercise, cognitive function, and aging

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