Changes in body composition with a hypocaloric diet combined with sedentary, moderate and high-intense physical activity: a randomized controlled trial.

Abstract

Background There is evidence showing the effectiveness of a hypocaloric diet and the increase in physical activity on weight loss. However, the combined role of these factors, not only on weight loss but also body composition, remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of a hypocaloric diet on the body composition of obese adult women throughout different degrees of physical activity during a weight loss program. Methods One hundred and seventeen healthy female volunteers were randomly assigned to one of the experimental groups: a control group with a low-level prescription of physical activity (1-4 METs), moderate physical activity group that performed 10.000 steps walking (5-8 METs) and intense physical activity group that trained exercises by at least 70% of VO2max three times a week (>8 METs). All subjects followed a hypocaloric diet designed with a reduction of 500 kcal/day. Nutritional counseling was provided throughout the study period to help ensure dietary adherence. Results We found no differences in body weight compared to moderate and intense physical activity (ßstand. = -0.138 vs. ßstand. = -0.139). Body fat was lower in women following an intense activity (ßstand. = -0.436) than those with moderate exercise (ßstand. = -0.231). The high-intense activity also increased muscle mass at the end of the intervention, standing out above the moderate activity (ßstand. = 0.182 vs. ßstand. = 0.008). Conclusions These findings indicate that a hypocaloric diet, without prescription of physical activity, is adequate to lose weight in the short term (12 weeks), but physical activity is vital to modify the body composition in women with obesity. Body fat was lower when women practiced a moderate exercise compared to hypocaloric diet only, but an intense physical activity was the most effective protocol to obtain a reduction of body fat and maintain muscle mass. Trial registration The study protocol complied with the Declaration of Helsinki for medical studies, it was approved by the bioethical committee of Córdoba University, in the Department of Health at the Regional Government of Andalusia (Act nº284, ref.4156) and retrospectively registered in clinicaltrials.gov (NCT03833791). Registered 2 January 2019

Losing Weight after Menopause with Minimal Aerobic Training and Mediterranean Diet

“…These findings may indicate that a hypocaloric MD, without prescription of physical activity, is sufficient to lose FM and preserve FFM in the short term. However, physical activity may be vital to modify the BC in menopausal women with obesity in the long term [ 37 ]. The slight reduction in resting metabolism shows that the MD may be an excellent option for maintaining weight loss in the long term [ 38 ].…”

The Potential Role of Sleep in Promoting a Healthy Body Composition: Underlying Mechanisms Determining Muscle, Fat, and Bone Mass and Their Association with Sleep

“…Therefore, finding a means to keep body composition in a healthy range or to improve pathological alterations of body composition is of great interest. Besides the well-known importance of healthy nutrition and physical activity for body composition [33, 34], sleep with its restorative functions is likely to be critically involved.…”