Changes in Blood Metals, Hematology and Hepatic Enzyme Activities in Lactating Cows Reared in the Vicinity of a Lead–Zinc Smelter

Mohajeri, Gholamreza; Norouzian, M. A.; Mohseni, Mehran; Afzalzadeh, A.

doi:10.1007/s00128-014-1270-1

Cited by 17 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Exposure of lead affects hepatic drug metabolizing enzymes and cholesterol metabolism, produces oxidative stress, antioxidant imbalance, hepatic necrosis and hyperplasia suggesting a potential role of lead in hepatic damage (Ait Hamadouche et al, 2014). Several reports explained the elevated levels of plasma hepatic and muscle function enzymes due to arsenic and lead exposure in cattle and mice (El-Nekeety et al 2009 andMohajeri et al, 2014). Several studies noticed increased plasma glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides with decreased plasma protein and albumin in lead exposed cattle and mice (El-Nekeety et al, 2009 andMohajeri et al, 2014) which were in line with the results of the present study.…”

Section: Thyroid and Adrenal Functionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Normal level of lead in healthy bovine blood is 0.04-0.24µg/ ml (Kaneko et al 1997). lead level in animals reared around industrial units is mainly through contaminated drinking water and fodder (Mohajeri et al, 2014). The present findings of higher lead level in drinking water, soil and fodder samples collected from lead contaminated area of Ludhiana might be due to higher lead emission from nearby industrial units contaminating the water, soil and fodder; which in turn may be the reason for high blood lead level in buffaloes in this study.…”

Section: (B) (A) Figmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lead based paints, used motor oils, automotive grease and oil filters, automobile exhaust, smelter discharges, combustion of coal and mineral oil have been implicated in producing lead toxicity in cattle and buffaloes reared around these industrial units (Aslani et al, 2012). Lead can trigger hematological, circulatory, renal, hepatic, neurological, immunological and reproductive dysfunctions (Mohajeri et al, 2014). ROS generation and oxidative stress may play a major role in the molecular pathogenesis of lead toxicity (Flora et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Adverse effects of environmental lead exposure on hepatic, renal and thyroid function of buffaloes

Dash

Nayyar

Kakkar

et al. 2019

IJAR

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Lead emitting industries pose a risk of contamination of surface and ground water, soil and fodder by dissemination of the particles carrying lead by wind action and by runoff from the tailings which cause numerous biochemical, immunological and reproductive disturbances in animals. Samples (n-20) of tube-well water, surface soil and fodder were collected from an uncontaminated area with water lead level within the permissible limit (0.05µg/ml) which served as control, and from the lead contaminated area (n=25) of Ludhiana (Punjab) with water lead level above the permissible limit. Blood level of lead (>0.24µg/ml) was used to decide the exposure group. The biochemical profile of the buffaloes exposed to lead showed hypoproteinemia, hypoalbuminemia, hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyridemia and hyperglycemia as compared to control group. The activity of serum enzymes viz alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, gamma glutamyl transferase, alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase and creatine kinase showed significant (p less than 0.05) elevation in lead exposed buffaloes. There was significant (p less than 0.05) increase in levels of plasma urea and creatinine, however, tri-iodothyrinine and thyroxine concentrations were significantly (p less than 0.05) declined in lead exposed buffaloes as compared to control animals. Blood lead levels were significantly correlated with alterations in different biochemical indices in lead exposed buffaloes indicating the adverse effect on hepatic, renal and thyroid function.

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Section: Thyroid and Adrenal Functionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: (B) (A) Figmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Adverse effects of environmental lead exposure on hepatic, renal and thyroid function of buffaloes

Dash

Nayyar

Kakkar

et al. 2019

IJAR

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“…However, based on the standard deviation observed in this study, we can suggest a higher heterogeneity of milk heavy metal contamination within areas than between areas. This was expected as the contamination of milk by heavy metals is mainly due to contamination of the environment and also the contamination of fodder given to the dairy cows (Mohajeri et al, 2014;Shailaja et al, 2014). For instance, the proximity of lead zinc factories favoured contamination (Mohajeri et al, 2014;Patra et al, 2008;Swarup et al, 2005).…”

Section: Pb (μG/l)mentioning

confidence: 96%

“…This was expected as the contamination of milk by heavy metals is mainly due to contamination of the environment and also the contamination of fodder given to the dairy cows (Mohajeri et al, 2014;Shailaja et al, 2014). For instance, the proximity of lead zinc factories favoured contamination (Mohajeri et al, 2014;Patra et al, 2008;Swarup et al, 2005). These last authors found that the mean blood Pb level in cows around the smelter was higher (1.09 ± 0.26 mg/L) than the cows from the reference area (0.72 ± 0.25 mg/L).…”

Section: Pb (μG/l)mentioning

confidence: 97%

Large scale study of the within and between spatial variability of lead, arsenic, and cadmium contamination of cow milk in China

Zhou

Zheng

et al. 2019

Science of The Total Environment

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This large scale study investigated the spatial variability of Pb, As, and Cd contents in raw milk within and between the 10 main milk producing areas in China. A total of 997 raw milk samples were analysed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Mean values of Pb, As, and Cd in milk were 1.75 μg/L, 0.31 μg/L, and 0.05 μg/L, respectively. The highest level of Pb and As was present in area C, and Cd was highest in area J. The standard deviation suggested a higher heterogeneity of milk heavy metal contamination within area than between areas. Levels of Pb, As, and Cd showed significant differences between studied areas. The estimated root mean squared standardised error obtained by the cross-validation suggested a differentiated quality of Pb, As, and Cd modelling between areas: the predictions obtained were sometimes overestimated or underestimated. These results can be used to define a more appropriate sampling procedure for heavy metal contaminate distribution in raw milk for improved future control of milk contamination by heavy metals in the studied areas. The significant positive correlations between concentrations of Pb-Cd, As-Cd, and Pb-As were observed in nine, six and five areas, respectively. No significant negative correlations were observed. The observed variability of correlation values suggested a different pollution source for Pb, As, and Cd in milk between areas. Further studies are required to clarify the relationships between the contamination of raw milk by heavy metals and the herd environment.

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Metal Concentrations and Histopathological Changes in Goats (Capra hircus) Reared Near an Industrial Area of West Bengal, India

Kar

Mukhopadhayay

Patra

et al. 2015

Arch Environ Contam Toxicol

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The present investigation was performed to assess the concentrations of four heavy metals-lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), and cobalt (Co)-in goats reared in the vicinity of an industrial area of West Bengal, India, including soil, water, and feedstuffs; tissues of liver, kidney, lung, spleen, and muscle; and milk and faeces. In addition, histopathological changes in liver, lung, kidney, spleen, and muscle samples were examined. Mejia block as an industrial polluted site and Vatar block as a reference site (without any industrial activities and 120 km away from the polluted site) were selected for this study. The results showed that concentrations of these heavy metals in soil, water feedstuffs, all tissues, milk, and faeces were greater (P < 0.05) in the polluted site than the reference site. The largest concentrations of Cd and Pb were found in kidney followed by liver, lung, spleen, and muscle. However, Co and Cu accumulations in the tissues were in following order: liver > kidney > lung > spleen > muscle. Concentrations of heavy metals were greater in older animals than in young ones. Haemoglobin, total protein, packed cell volume, total erythrocyte counts, and total leucocytes counts were significantly (P < 0.01) decreased in blood of goats in the polluted site compared with the reference site. Serum glucose, creatinine, aspartate amino transferase, alanine amino transferase, and alkanline phosphatase were significantly (P < 0.05 to P < 0.01) increased. Histological examination showed several pathological alterations including degeneration, vacuolation, and tubulitis in kidney; congestion, degeneration, periportal necrosis, and focal haemorrhages in liver; and congestion and diffuse haemorrhage in lungs. It was concluded that natural exposure to these environmental heavy metals significantly increases toxic heavy-metal concentrations in several visceral organs resulting in pathological changes in these tissues. Thus, consumption of the meat of goats reared in the polluted site may pose human health hazards.

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Changes in Blood Metals, Hematology and Hepatic Enzyme Activities in Lactating Cows Reared in the Vicinity of a Lead–Zinc Smelter

Cited by 17 publications

References 18 publications

Adverse effects of environmental lead exposure on hepatic, renal and thyroid function of buffaloes

Adverse effects of environmental lead exposure on hepatic, renal and thyroid function of buffaloes

Large scale study of the within and between spatial variability of lead, arsenic, and cadmium contamination of cow milk in China

Metal Concentrations and Histopathological Changes in Goats (Capra hircus) Reared Near an Industrial Area of West Bengal, India

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