Changes in abdominal subcutaneous fat water content with rapid weight loss and long-term weight maintenance in abdominally obese men and women

Laaksonen, David E.; Nuutinen, Juhani; Lahtinen, Tapani; Rissanen, Aila; Niskanen, Leo

doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0802296

Cited by 39 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…529,[536][537][538] (1+) Weight loss by any means improves insulin sensitivity in adults with type 2 diabetes or the metabolic syndrome. 270,472,475,529,[539][540][541][542][543][544] (1+) Dietary intervention is pivotal to the achievement of weight loss, while exercise and behavioural programmes or drug therapies are adjunctive therapies and alone do not achieve outcomes equivalent to those that include a dietary intervention component. 233,474,477 Diet-alone weight loss strategies leading to mean weight losses of 9 kg with various dietary programmes are associated with a mean reduction of 2.7% in absolute HbA1c in subjects with type 2 diabetes.…”

Section: Energy Balancementioning

confidence: 99%

Absolute risk of cardiovascular disease events, and blood pressure‐ and lipid‐lowering therapy in Australia

Banks

Crouch

Korda

et al. 2016

Medical Journal of Australia

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Objective: To quantify absolute cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk and treatment in Australian adults. Design, participants: Cross‐sectional representative study of 9564 people aged 18 years or more who had participated in the 2011–12 Australian National Health Measures Survey (response rate for those aged 45–74 years: 46.5%). Main outcome measures: Prior CVD was ascertained and 5‐year absolute risk of a primary CVD event calculated (using the Australian National Vascular Disease Prevention Alliance algorithm; categories: low [< 10%], moderate [10–15%], and high [> 15%] risk) on the basis of data on medical history, risk factors and medications, derived from interviews, physical measurements, and blood and urine samples. Results: Absolute CVD risk increased with age and was higher among men than women. Overall, 19.9% (95% CI, 18.5–21.3%) of Australians aged 45–74 years had a high absolute risk of a future CVD event (an estimated 1 445 000 people): 8.7% (95% CI, 7.8–9.6%) had prior CVD (estimated 634 000 people) and 11.2% (95% CI, 10.2–12.2%) had high primary CVD risk (estimated 811 000 people). A further 8.6% (95% CI, 7.4–9.8%, estimated 625 000) were at moderate primary CVD risk. Among those with prior CVD, 44.2% (95% CI, 36.8–51.6%) were receiving blood pressure‐ and lipid‐lowering medications, 35.4% (95% CI, 27.8–43.0%) were receiving only one of these, and 20.4% (95% CI, 13.9–26.9%) were receiving neither. Corresponding figures for high primary CVD risk were 24.3% (95% CI, 18.3–30.3%); 28.7% (95% CI, 22.7–34.7%); and 47.1% (95% CI, 39.9–54.3%). Conclusions: About one‐fifth of the Australian population aged 45–74 years (about 1.4 million individuals) were estimated to have a high absolute risk of a future CVD event. Most (estimated 970 000) were not receiving currently recommended combination blood pressure‐ and lipid‐lowering therapy, indicating substantial potential for health gains by increasing routine assessment and treatment according to absolute CVD risk.

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Section: Energy Balancementioning

confidence: 99%

Absolute risk of cardiovascular disease events, and blood pressure‐ and lipid‐lowering therapy in Australia

Banks

Crouch

Korda

et al. 2016

Medical Journal of Australia

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“…We have found only short-term studies, relative to rapid weight loss, reported in the literature. It has been reported that water content, a potential reflection of nutritive blood flow (112,142), was increased after a 15.6-kg weight loss over a 9-wk period, suggesting that improved insulin sensitivity may contribute to improve ATBF (110). Recently, rapid weight loss in healthy obese subjects on very low caloric intake diets induced no modification of ATBF when expressed per gram of mass (181).…”

Section: ·Minmentioning

confidence: 99%

Update on adipose tissue blood flow regulation

Sotorník

Brassard

Martin

et al. 2012

American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism

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According to Fick's principle, any metabolic or hormonal exchange through a given tissue depends on the product of the blood flow to that tissue and the arteriovenous difference. The proper function of adipose tissue relies on adequate adipose tissue blood flow (ATBF), which determines the influx and efflux of metabolites as well as regulatory endocrine signals. Adequate functioning of adipose tissue in intermediary metabolism requires finely tuned perfusion. Because metabolic and vascular processes are so tightly interconnected, any disruption in one will necessarily impact the other. Although altered ATBF is one consequence of expanding fat tissue, it may also aggravate the negative impacts of obesity on the body's metabolic milieu. This review attempts to summarize the current state of knowledge on adipose tissue vascular bed behavior under physiological conditions and the various factors that contribute to its regulation as well as the possible participation of altered ATBF in the pathophysiology of metabolic syndrome. obesity; insulin; sympathetic nervous system; nitric oxide; angiotensin II; atrial natriuretic peptide; glucagon-like peptide-1; glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide OVER THE LAST DECADES, THE WORLDWIDE PANDEMIC of obesity, metabolic syndrome, and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) (188) has attracted ever-increasing attention to the role and significance of adipose tissue (AT). Originally regarded as a mere energy store with insulation and protective cushioning functions, AT is now recognized as a bona fide and highly active metabolic and endocrine organ (102). It has also become evident that the white AT is a heterogeneous tissue. From a metabolic point of view, AT can be subdivided into central (abdominal) and peripheral (hips and buttocks) depots (78). Although extra-abdominal fat accumulation does not bring upon higher metabolic and cardiovascular risk, some reports show a protective influence (124). Conversely, a negative metabolic effect has been associated with central fat (102), which in fact comprises two distinct masses (visceral and subcutaneous) with different metabolic and hormonal activities and impacts on metabolic syndrome pathogenesis (95) and blood flow rates (102).Metabolic processes in fatty tissue require adequate substrate(s) and humoral factor delivery (76). Conversely, adipocytes communicate with other metabolically active tissues through humoral factors (128) as well as through metabolic products (118) serving as energetic substrates. Humoral factors derived from AT arise not only from adipocytes themselves but also from other components of AT such as macrophages and endothelial cells. Moreover, AT is a known conversion site for several hormones or humoral factors, e.g., steroid hormones (156) or components of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS). All of these functions of AT are tightly linked to the pattern of blood supply and its regulation, which largely differ from other metabolically active organs such as the liver or skeletal muscle (141).In add...

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“…The significant reduction in the WC measurements of the intervention group may suggest an improvement in the metabolic profile, as demonstrated by Laaksonen et al 26 , who studied patients with the metabolic syndrome following a hypocaloric diet during nine weeks and maintaining the weight for one year; they found that weight loss reduced body fat and waist circumference, which correlated with higher insulin sensitivity. According to Ravensbergen et al 7 and Martins & Marinho 27 , WC is significantly associated with hypertension and hypercholesterolemia.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

Effect of weight and body composition changes on waist measurement of severely obese women receiving carbohydrate-restricted diet

2014

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OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of weight and body composition changes on waist measurement of severely obese women receiving a low-carbohydrate diet for a short-term. METHODS: Nineteen severely obese women divided into an intervention and a control group received a low-carbohydrate diet and a conventional diet, respectively, both with 1,200kcal, for seven days. Anthropometric measurements such as weight, body mass index, arm circumference, waist circumference (at the navel), two proposed measurements of waist circumference (waist circumference 1, 10cm above the navel; and waist circumference 2, 20cm above the navel), hip circumference; and body composition (lean mass and fat mass) were performed at baseline and end of the study. RESULTS: There was significant reduction of all variables in the intervention group (p<0.01), but the control group had no change in waist circumference (p=0.06) and hip circumference (p=0.36). Patients of the intervention group presented greater weight loss (4.4kg, p<0.01) and reduction of body mass index, waist circumference, waist circumference 1, waist circumference 2 (p<0.01), and fat mass (p=0.04) than the control group. CONCLUSION: The weight loss and body composition changes were greater in the low-carbohydrate group than in the conventional-diet group, and they had a greater impact on waist measurements. The proposed measurements (waist circumference 1 and waist circumference 2) were sensitive to weight reduction in both groups.

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Changes in abdominal subcutaneous fat water content with rapid weight loss and long-term weight maintenance in abdominally obese men and women

Cited by 39 publications

References 30 publications

Absolute risk of cardiovascular disease events, and blood pressure‐ and lipid‐lowering therapy in Australia

Absolute risk of cardiovascular disease events, and blood pressure‐ and lipid‐lowering therapy in Australia

Update on adipose tissue blood flow regulation

Effect of weight and body composition changes on waist measurement of severely obese women receiving carbohydrate-restricted diet

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