Changed vegetation composition in coniferous forests near to motorways in Southern Germany: The effects of traffic-born pollution

Bernhardt‐Römermann, Markus; Kirchner, M.; Kudernatsch, Thomas; Jakobi, Gert; Fischer, Anton

doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2005.10.046

Cited by 49 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Due to this high connectivity and the basic hydrologic connectivity between water and its watershed (Hynes 1975;Vannote et al 1980), road runoff pollutants may flow through substantial land and surface water area in the Park. This area may be significantly greater than what we estimated with our 100 m buffer, as field experiments have shown vehicular spray and wind can transport pollutants hundreds of meters from the road (Zechmeister et al 2005;Bernhardt-Roemermann et al 2006); thus, our estimates are likely conservative. The results further show that local roads impact substantially more land area than state and federal roads; however, the impact of state and federal roads may be more intense.…”

Section: Impacted Lands and Watersmentioning

confidence: 72%

“…These eight shapefiles (SF, C, L, and SFCL and 100 m SF, 100 m C, 100 m L, and 100 m SFCL) were converted into 10 m cell size raster datasets using the ESRI Bpolyline to new raster^tool and the Bpolygon to new raster^tool. Field experiments have shown vehicular spray, and wind can transport pollutants hundreds of meters from the road (e.g., Zechmeister et al 2005;Bernhardt-Roemermann et al 2006), so the 100 m buffer was selected as a conservative estimate of road spray.…”

Section: Producing Road Disturbance Gridsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Landscape level estimate of lands and waters impacted by road runoff in the Adirondack Park of New York State

Regalado

Kelting

2015

Environ Monit Assess

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Road runoff is understood to be a significant stressor in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, yet the effects of this stressor are poorly understood at large spatial scales. We developed an efficient method for estimating the spatial impact of road runoff on lands and waters over large geographic areas and then applied our methodology to the 2.4 million ha Adirondack Park in New York State. We used TauDEM hydrologic modeling and a series of ESRI GIS processes to delineate surface flow downslope of paved roads, illustrating the potential movement of pollutants originating from paved roads through the USGS 10 m DEM topography. We then estimated the land and surface water areas, number of water bodies, and total stream length potentially impacted by road runoff from paved roads. We found that as much as 11% of land area, 77% of surface water area, 1/3 of the water bodies, and 52% of stream length in the Adirondack Park may be impacted by road runoff. The high degree of hydrologic association between paved roads and the lands and waters of this region strongly suggests that the environmental impacts of road runoff should be evaluated along with other regional stressors currently being studied. Being able to estimate the spatial impact of road runoff is important for designing monitoring programs that can explicitly monitor this stressor while also providing opportunities to understand the interaction of multiple environmental stressors.

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Section: Impacted Lands and Watersmentioning

confidence: 72%

Section: Producing Road Disturbance Gridsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Landscape level estimate of lands and waters impacted by road runoff in the Adirondack Park of New York State

Regalado

Kelting

2015

Environ Monit Assess

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“…So far, many functional trait analyses have been based on the study of environmental gradients (McIntyre et al 1999), such as land-use (Lavorel et al 1999;Diaz et al 2001;Kahmen and Poschlod 2004), climate (Fonseca et al 2000) and soil fertility (Wright and Westoby 1999;Bernhardt 2005;Bernhardt-Römermann et al 2006). Very few studies relate species rarity or species rate of decline to life history traits though these are very important for understanding patterns and processes that make species decrease or go extinct .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eutrophication and fragmentation are related to species’ rate of decline but not to species rarity: results from a functional approach

et al. 2007

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Due to ubiquitous eutrophication and fragmentation, many plant species are actually threatened in Europe. Most ecosystems face an overall nutrient input leading to changes in species composition. Fragmentation is eVectively inXuencing species survival. We investigate if two diVerent measures of species performance of 91 calcareous grassland species-rate of decline and rarity-are related to comparable traits and hence processes. On the one hand we expected that species rate of decline is mainly determined by the processes of eutrophication and fragmentation. On the other hand we hypothesized that the importance of site characteristics may overwhelm the eVect of eutrophication and fragmentation for species rarity. Hence, we compared persistence traits responding to eutrophication, dispersal traits being related to fragmentation and ecological site factors for decreasing and increasing species and for rare and common species. The results suggest that increasing species had better means of long-distance dispersal and were more competitive than decreasing species. In contrast, there were hardly any diVerences in traits between rare and common species, but site characteristics were related to species rarity. Rare species were in the main those with ecological preferences for warm, dry, light and nutrient poor conditions. This study may represent a basis for the assessment of plant species threat. Applying the deduced knowledge about the life history of decreasing versus increasing species to habitat-scale approaches it is possible to predict which species may become threatened in the future simply from the combination of their trait values. Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (

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“…The creation of a new road generates a disturbed boundary zone where non-native plants (Rentch et al 2005;Pauchard and Alaback 2006) and insects (Stiles and Jones 2004) can colonise and establish in pristine environments. In addition to spray and physical disturbance, road-derived nitrogenous pollution has been shown to affect vegetation up to 200 m from a major road (Angold 1997;Bernhardt-Romermann et al 2006). Where measured, soil pH tends to be elevated by roadsides due to salinity and calcareous leachates (Czerniawska-Kusza et al 2004;Kocher et al 2005).…”

mentioning

confidence: 97%

Influence of a parking area on soils and vegetation in an urban nature reserve

Shaw

Reeve²

2007

Urban Ecosyst

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We studied the influence of a car park on soil and vegetation within Richmond Park, UK, before and after imposition of fenced boundaries restricted public access. Soil and vegetation samples were taken before (once) and after (twice) access restrictions were enforced. The over-riding trend in all the data was for soil adjacent to the car park to be less acidic and more fertile than pristine local soils, accompanied by a more eutrophic grassland community (Lolium perenne/Trifolium repens, compared with Agrostis/Festuca grassland away from the car park). The chemical influence of the car park extended at least 50 m from its boundary. A common acidophilic collembole Folsomia quadrioculata was replaced by Cryptopygus thermophilus adjacent to the car park. There was little evidence from the vegetation data that car park closure benefitted the ecosystem, but chemical data showed signs of progressive recovery in the 2 years following restrictions. Possible explanations for the car park's influence on the local landscape are suggested to include calcareous chippings and canine faecal deposits.

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Changed vegetation composition in coniferous forests near to motorways in Southern Germany: The effects of traffic-born pollution

Cited by 49 publications

References 35 publications

Landscape level estimate of lands and waters impacted by road runoff in the Adirondack Park of New York State

Landscape level estimate of lands and waters impacted by road runoff in the Adirondack Park of New York State

Eutrophication and fragmentation are related to species’ rate of decline but not to species rarity: results from a functional approach

Influence of a parking area on soils and vegetation in an urban nature reserve

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