Influence of a parking area on soils and vegetation in an urban nature reserve

Shaw, Paul D.; Reeve, Nigel

doi:10.1007/s11252-007-0044-5

Cited by 10 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…In our study, elevated soil pH was positively correlated with Ca content. Based on the fact that limestone (CaCO 3 ) is one of the major raw materials for cement production, our findings support the contentions in previous studies that increase of alkalinity in urban soil can be attributed to calcareous materials of cements and concrete (Jim 1998;Shaw and Reeve 2008). Even though, differences in other soil nutrients (available P, exchangeable K, Mg) were not detected, elevated soil pH may limit solubility and availability of nutrients to plant and soil organisms in road-side soils in older (>50 years) urban sites, thus suppressing plant productivity and abundance of soil organisms.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…However, as soils recover from the initial disturbance, road proximity influences soil C and N dynamics. Shaw and Reeve (2008) observed higher SOM and inorganic N contents closer to the parking lots shortly (<2 years) after the establishment in Richmond Park, in the United Kingdom. On the contrary, increases of carbon, nitrogen and SOM in road-side locations were clear only after 50-100 years in our study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

“…Jim (1998) found that pH values in road-side soils in Hong Kong were unusually high (>8.0) for the humid-tropical environment. Shaw and Reeve (2008) also found that soil closest to the parking lots had the highest pH. Authors of both studies argued that the elevated pH level is due to the dissolution of calcareous materials in the cement and concrete of which most of paved surfaces in urban area are made.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

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Differences in soil chemical properties with distance to roads and age of development in urban areas

et al. 2010

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The main objective of this study was to characterize variation in soil chemical properties with length of urbanization period and distance to roads. Urban boundaries from 1920's (old), 1960's (middle) and 2000's (new) were identified for three cities in northeast Ohio: Massillon, Wooster and Canton. Within each identified historic boundary, soil samples were collected from two road-side and two interior lawns in one public school site in each city. Thus, there were three urban age and two distance-to-roads classes. Soil particle composition and basic chemical properties including pH, available phosphorus (P), exchangeable potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), cation exchange capacity (CEC), nitrate, total carbon (C), total nitrogen (N), and soil organic matter (SOM) were measured. Two notable spatio-temporal patterns appeared repeatedly in the data set. First, total C, total N and SOM were higher in the soils of old (>50 years) urban sites than of newly developed sites. Similar, but not always significant, trends in soil pH, and exchangeable Ca were also observed. Second, road-side soils had higher pH, Ca, total C and N than interior sites regardless of urban age. These data indicate that key soil chemical properties can vary in predictable ways with urban age and distance-to-roads classes. Such variations in key soil chemical properties may influence or reflect soil biota and biogeochemical processes in urban soils.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

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Differences in soil chemical properties with distance to roads and age of development in urban areas

et al. 2010

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“…The higher salinity observed in PR forest stands may be explained by a denser network of park trails, which are also visited in winter and, during this period, are spread with salt. The range of increased soil salinity may reach up to 30 m from trails treated in this manner (Bäckström et al 2004; Shaw and Reeve 2008). Under natural conditions, the differentiation of micro-habitats is caused by throughflow and stemflow.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of visitor pressure on understory vegetation in Warsaw forested parks (Poland)

Sikorski

Szumacher

Sikorska

et al. 2012

Environ Monit Assess

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Visitor’s access to understorey vegetation in park forest stands results in the impoverishment of plant species composition and a reduction in habitat quality. The phenomenon of biotic homogenisation is typical in urban landscapes, but it can proceed differently depending on the scale, a detail that has not been observed in previous studies. This research was carried out in seven Warsaw parks (both public and restricted access). Thirty-four forested areas were randomly selected, some subjected to strong visitors’ pressure and some within restricted access areas, free of such impacts. The latter category included woodlands growing in old forest and secondary habitats. Public access to the study areas contributed to the disappearance of some forest species and their replacement by cosmopolitan non-forest species, leading to loss of floristic biodiversity in areas of high ecological importance at the city scale. Some human-induced factors, including soil compaction and changes in soil pH, moisture and capillary volume, were found to cause habitat changes that favoured native non-forest plants. Despite changes in species composition, the taxonomic similarity of understorey vegetation in both categories—public access and restricted access—was comparable. In a distance gradient of measurements taken around selected individual trees, there was found to be significant variation (in light, soil pH and compaction) affecting the quality and quantity of understorey vegetation (including rare species). In conclusion, the protection of rare forest species could be achieved by limiting access to forested areas, particularly in old forest fragments, and we highly recommend its consideration in the proposal of future park restoration plans.

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“…Asphalt construction also led underlain mineral soils to alkaline soils. Influences of pavement construction using asphalt or tar on alkalinization of mineral soils nearby a road in Hong Kong or a parking lot in UK have been reported by Jim (1998) and Shaw and Reeve (2008). In these papers, extraordinary high pH in mineral soils was explained by dissolution of calcareous materials in cement and concrete, of which most paved surfaces in urban area are made.…”

Section: Discussion Ca Dynamics Beneath the Asphalt Constructionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of asphalt pavement construction processes on urban soil formation in Tokyo

Kida

Kawahigashi

2015

Soil Science and Plant Nutrition

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Urban soils have been drastically disturbed and modified by human activities. Soil sealing, necessary for transportation and infrastructure development, is one such process, which often results in negative effects on the soil ecosystem functions. However, sealed soils can play a critical role in material cycling through ground surfaces in urban ecosystems. This study investigated the effects of asphalt sealing on the mineral soils beneath the roads in Tokyo. The results confirmed that mineral soils beneath asphalt pavements were characterized by high pH levels, CaO content, inorganic carbon (IC), and electric conductivity (EC) due to liming for road material fixation at the subbase layers. An analysis of the concentrations of IC and Ca, or pH value suggested existence of calcium carbonate (CaCO 3 ) mainly due to liming and absorption of atmospheric CO 2 at subbase layers. Relatively high content of sulfur in the subbase layers is likely attributed to asphalt contaminants originating from petroleum. Removal of the original surface soils, for new road development, decreased oxides and organic matter content. Contents of oxides in top mineral soils were low as compared to those of natural Andosols by mixing of subbase materials. This study suggested that construction of asphalt pavement induced specific soil genesis beneath asphalt pavement such as soil alkalinization, calcium carbonate accumulation, and technogenic material mixing. First, surface soil removal for the construction of asphalt pavement decreases organic matter content in mineral soils. Concurrently technogenic materials mix with top mineral soils. Second, Ca dissolved into water from the subbase layer can react with dissolved inorganic carbon followed by calcium carbonate formation and Ca cation migration into the deeper horizon. As asphalt pavement intercepts litter supply, organic matter accumulation was prevented in mineral soils beneath the asphalt pavement. Our study confirmed that owing to the water infiltration, through pervious asphalt and the cracks developed on the asphalt surface by heavy traffic, material cycling exists even in mineral soils beneath the asphalt pavements.

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Influence of a parking area on soils and vegetation in an urban nature reserve

Cited by 10 publications

References 25 publications

Differences in soil chemical properties with distance to roads and age of development in urban areas

Differences in soil chemical properties with distance to roads and age of development in urban areas

Effects of visitor pressure on understory vegetation in Warsaw forested parks (Poland)

Influence of asphalt pavement construction processes on urban soil formation in Tokyo

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