Change in Salivary IgA Following a Competitive Marathon Race

Abstract

The influence of carbohydrate (1 l/h of a 6 % carbohydrate beverage), gender, and age on salivary IgA (sIgA) changes and incidence of upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) was studied in 98 runners following two competitive marathon races. The pattern of change in sIgA concentration differed significantly between carbohydrate (C) (N = 48) and placebo (P) (N = 50) groups, with higher post-race values measured in P. However, when this was adjusted for saliva protein concentration and saliva secretion rate, no difference between groups was measured. For all subjects combined, sIgA concentration, saliva IgA: protein ratio (spIgA), and sIgA secretion rates fell significantly (21 %, 31 %, and 25 %, respectively) below pre-race levels by 1,5-h post-race (p < 0.001). The pattern of change in all saliva measures did not differ significantly between the 12 women and 86 men in this study, and between the 23 older (> or =50 yr) and 75 younger (< 50 yr) subjects. Ninety-three subjects returned health/sickness logs, and of these, 16 (17 %) reported developing URTI during the 15-d period following the race event. The 1.5-h post-race spIgA concentration, but not sIgA concentration or secretion rate, was lower in runners reporting URTI compared to those who did not (254 +/- 30 and 388 +/- 26 microg*g(-1), respectively, p = 0.002), and this was negatively correlated with the post-race plasma cortisol concentration (r = -0.36, p < 0.001). Of the 16 runners, six were in the C group and 10 in the P group (Chi square = 1.11, p = 0.293). In conclusion, the output of sIgA decreased in runners following a competitive marathon, and this was not influenced by carbohydrate ingestion, age, or gender.

Immunoendocrine responses of male spinal cord injured athletes to 1-hour self-paced exercise: Pilot study

“…Indeed, significant changes in s-IgA in nondisabled athletes have been previously observed following prolonged exercise (>90 min) [28][29] or high intensity exercise [30][31][32][33], most likely via alterations in the trancytosis of s-IgA across the epithelial lining [34] or through the production of s-IgA by the Blymphocytes that reside in the submucosa [35]. However, 1-h Post = 1 hour postexercise, End-Ex = after exercise, NK = natural killer, Pre-Ex = before exercise.…”

Nutritional modulation of exercise-induced immunodepression in athletes: a systematic review and meta-analysis

“…It has been suggested that the relationship between exercise and URT infections follows a 'J' curve, with moderate and regular exercise improving the ability to resist infections (Nieman et al, 1993(Nieman et al, , 1998b and heavy acute or chronic exercise decreasing it (Nieman et al, 1990;Nieman, 1994;Castell et al, 1996). The evidence has shown that prolonged periods of intense training may lead to high numbers of neutrophil and low numbers of lymphocytes in blood counts (Nieman et al, 1995(Nieman et al, , 1998aPedersen et al, 1997), impaired phagocytosis (Nieman et al, 1997a) and neutrophilic function (Nieman et al, 2000a), decreased oxidative burst activity (Nieman et al, 1997a), natural killer cell cytolytic activity (NKCA) (Shinkai et al, 1993;Nieman, 1997) and mucosal immunoglobulin levels (Nieman et al, 2002a). Intense training or endurance exercise may also enhance release of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumour necrosis factor alfa (TNF-alfa), interleukin-1b (IL-1b) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), followed closely by anti-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-10 (IL-10) and interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) (Castell et al, 1997;Nieman et al, 2001).…”

Cafeína não altera os níveis de Imunoglobulina A Salivar (IgA-s) em jogadores de voleibol

“…No entanto, não foi o que ocorreu. Sabe-se que as concentrações de IgA-s são reduzidas tanto durante (gleeson et al, 1999) quanto após (nieMan et al, 2002) períodos de exercício extenuantes tanto pela intensidade como pela duração. Essa redução parece estar associada ao aumento nos níveis de cortisol, que também é elevado em exercícios agudos vigorosos seguidos da ingestão de cafeína (huCkleBridge, CloW;evans, 1998;laurent et al, 2000).…”