“…For instance, in Germany, there are no statewide educational standards, and each state has its own curriculum-meaning that the scope, standards, and time devoted to technology education may differ even among the schools within the same state (Koch et al, 2019;Mammes et al, 2012Mammes et al, , 2016. The lack of a unified curriculum along with the lack of attention given to technology education can be easily understood, as technology is often included as a subtopic of the subject "general science," which differs in each state (Koch et al, 2019;Mammes et al, 2016). The lack of clearly defined objectives and inconsistent implementation processes, along with discrepancies in the curriculum across different states in Germany, has also led to inconsistencies in teacher-training efforts related to the subject of technology (Blömeke et al, 2010;KMK, 2008).…”