Champignons hallucinogènes d'Europe et des Amériques : mise au point mycologique et toxicologique

Courtecuisse, Régis; Deveaux, Marc

doi:10.1051/ata/2004024

Cited by 17 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Staining blue, blue-green or olive-green on stipe or pileus spontaneously or when bruised. All species contain the psychoactive compounds psilocybin and psilocin (see Wurst et al 2002, Stříbrný et al 2003, Courtecuisse and Deveaux 2004.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The wood-rotting bluing Psilocybe species in Central Europe - an identification key.

Borovička¹

2008

Czech Mycol.

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The wood-rotting bluing Psilocybe species in Central Europe-an identification key.-Czech Mycol. 60(2): 173-192. An identification key to psychoactive bluing Psilocybe species growing on woody debris in Central Europe is presented. It is mainly based on microcharacters and includes 7 taxa (6 species and 1 variety) of the stirpes Serbica and Cyanescens (former "Psilocybe cyanescens complex"). Micro-, macroscopical, ecological and phenological characters and distribution of the taxa in Europe are presented and discussed.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The wood-rotting bluing Psilocybe species in Central Europe - an identification key.

Borovička¹

2008

Czech Mycol.

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“…According to literature, lamellae are white to cream in G. alpinus , G. aquosus , and G. dryophilus , whereas yellowish to yellow, rarely white in G. ocior (e.g. Vilgalys & Miller 1987, Courtecuisse & Duhem 1994, Hausknecht & Krisai-Greilhuber 2000, Gröger 2006, Antonín & Noordeloos 2010). Especially for the latter species, lamellae colour represents an important feature.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Taxonomy and phylogeny of European Gymnopus subsection Levipedes (Basidiomycota, Omphalotaceae)

Antonín¹,

Sedlák²,

Tomšovský³

2013

Pers - Int Mycol J

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The systematic integrity of European Gymnopus subsect. Levipedes is verified based on anatomic-morphological characters with support from DNA sequences of ITS and translation elongation factor 1-alpha genes. Seven species (G. alpinus, G. aquosus, G. dryophilus – including var. lanipes, G. erythropus, G. fagiphilus, G. hybridus, and G. ocior) belonging to this subsection are included. We clarify the concepts of G. dryophilus and G. ocior, which were occasionally confused in older literature. Due to unavailability of previously selected neotype of G. dryophilus the substitute neotype specimen is selected. Gymnopus dryophilus var. lanipes is confirmed as a variety; no important differences from nominotypical variability were detected. All discriminative characters used for identification of these species are discussed in detail. An identification key is also provided.

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“…[60][61][62][63] The major part of the known psychoactive species belongs to the genus Psilocybe. They are saprotrophic on wood, dung, moss, soil, and litter.…”

Section: Psilocybin/psilocin As a Secondary Metabolitementioning

confidence: 99%

Fungal Hallucinogens Psilocin, Ibotenic Acid, and Muscimol

Stebelska

2013

Therapeutic Drug Monitoring

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Psychoactive drugs of fungal origin, psilocin, ibotenic acid, and muscimol among them have been proposed for recreational use and popularized since the 1960s, XX century. Despite their well-documented neurotoxicity, they reached reputation of being safe and nonaddictive. Scientific efforts to find any medical application for these hallucinogens in psychiatry, psychotherapy, and even for religious rituals support are highly controversial. Even if they show any healing potential, their usage in psychotherapy is in some cases inadequate and may additionally harm seriously suffering patients. Hallucinogens are thought to reduce cognitive functions. However, in case of indolealkylamines, such as psilocin, some recent findings suggest their ability to improve perception and mental skills, what would motivate the consumption of "magic mushrooms." The present article offers an opportunity to find out what are the main symptoms of intoxication with mushrooms containing psilocybin/psilocin, muscimol, and ibotenic acid. The progress in analytical methods for detection of them in fungal material, food, and body fluids is reviewed. Findings on the mechanisms of their biologic activity are summarized. Additionally, therapeutic potential of these fungal psychoactive compounds and health risk associated with their abuse are discussed.

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Champignons hallucinogènes d'Europe et des Amériques : mise au point mycologique et toxicologique

Cited by 17 publications

References 20 publications

The wood-rotting bluing Psilocybe species in Central Europe - an identification key.

The wood-rotting bluing Psilocybe species in Central Europe - an identification key.

Taxonomy and phylogeny of European <I>Gymnopus</I> subsection <I>Levipedes</I> (Basidiomycota, <I>Omphalotaceae</I>)

Fungal Hallucinogens Psilocin, Ibotenic Acid, and Muscimol

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