Recently, constitutional courts have come under siege, with scholars criticising them for their abuse of the national (or, according to another terminology, constitutional 1) identity argument. In this sense, Halmai 2 has also blamed the German Bundesverfassungsgericht for providing other constitutional courts (namely the Hungarian one) with a problematic series of techniques by provoking, in this way, a worrying (even dangerous, in his opinion) escalation of constitutional conflict. Moreover, constitutional pluralists have been accused of offering arguments to autocrats and populists to justify violations of the values set out in Article 2. 3 Against this background, the aim of this work is to reflect