Challenges on optimization of 3D-printed bone scaffolds

Bahraminasab, Marjan

doi:10.1186/s12938-020-00810-2

Cited by 146 publications

(107 citation statements)

References 277 publications

(336 reference statements)

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“…11 Comparison of (a) TB%, and (b) number of osteocytes at different groups; the means that do not share a letter are significantly different elastic modulus is the use of functionally graded/hierarchical materials with a harder and stiffer material at the articular surface and low modulus material at the bone interface to simultaneously reduce wear and stress shielding [52]. However, this requires advance manufacturing technologies such as additive manufacturing/3D printing [53].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vivo performance of Al2O3-Ti bone implants in the rat femur

et al. 2021

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Background Alumina-titanium (Al2O3-Ti) biocomposites have been recently developed with improved mechanical properties for use in heavily loaded orthopedic sites. Their biological performance, however, has not been investigated yet. Methods The aim of the present study was to evaluate the in vivo biological interaction of Al2O3-Ti. Spark plasma sintering (SPS) was used to fabricate Al2O3-Ti composites with 25 vol.%, 50 vol.%, and 75 vol.% Ti content. Pure alumina and titanium were also fabricated by the same procedure for comparison. The fabricated composite disks were cut into small bars and implanted into medullary canals of rat femurs. The histological analysis and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observation were carried out to determine the bone formation ability of these materials and to evaluate the bone-implant interfaces. Results The histological observation showed the formation of osteoblast, osteocytes with lacuna, bone with lamellar structures, and blood vessels indicating that the healing and remodeling of the bone, and vasculature reconstruction occurred after 4 and 8 weeks of implantation. However, superior bone formation and maturation were obtained after 8 weeks. SEM images also showed stronger interfaces at week 8. There were differences between the composites in percentages of bone area (TB%) and the number of osteocytes. The 50Ti composite showed higher TB% at week 4, while 25Ti and 75Ti represented higher TB% at week 8. All the composites showed a higher number of osteocytes compared to 100Ti, particularly 75Ti. Conclusions The fabricated composites have the potential to be used in load-bearing orthopedic applications.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vivo performance of Al2O3-Ti bone implants in the rat femur

et al. 2021

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“…It is important that these steps be completed with appropriate care due to variations in bone anatomy between the patients. These steps directly affect the quality of the final medical part to be replaced [114]. The anatomical data about the shape and size of a bone defect can be acquired via computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) [115].…”

Section: D Printing Of Bone Scaffoldsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mesenchymal Stem Cells, Bioactive Factors, and Scaffolds in Bone Repair: From Research Perspectives to Clinical Practice

Stamnitz

Klimczak

2021

Cells

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Mesenchymal stem cell-based therapies are promising tools for bone tissue regeneration. However, tracking cells and maintaining them in the site of injury is difficult. A potential solution is to seed the cells onto a biocompatible scaffold. Construct development in bone tissue engineering is a complex step-by-step process with many variables to be optimized, such as stem cell source, osteogenic molecular factors, scaffold design, and an appropriate in vivo animal model. In this review, an MSC-based tissue engineering approach for bone repair is reported. Firstly, MSC role in bone formation and regeneration is detailed. Secondly, MSC-based bone tissue biomaterial design is analyzed from a research perspective. Finally, examples of animal preclinical and human clinical trials involving MSCs and scaffolds in bone repair are presented.

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“…Scaffolds used in the experiments usually have different porous geometries, for example some have irregular pore shapes (Mccoy et al, 2012), and some have regular pores but with different porosities or pore dimensions (Bartnikowski et al, 2014). With improvements in 3D printing/additive manufacturing technology, scaffolds with well-defined geometries can be manufactured, and this will probably be the standard for scaffold manufacturing in the near future (Bahraminasab, 2020). To investigate the influence of scaffold pore geometry on the internal micro-mechanical environment, computational approaches are commonly used, thanks to the capability of such approaches to calculate/ simulate the mechanical environment at the micro (or even sub-micro) scale with low cost, which is challenging for experimental measurements (García-Aznar et al, 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Porous Geometry Guided Micro-mechanical Environment Within Scaffolds for Cell Mechanobiology Study in Bone Tissue Engineering

Zhao

Xiong

Ito

et al. 2021

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

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Mechanobiology research is for understanding the role of mechanics in cell physiology and pathology. It will have implications for studying bone physiology and pathology and to guide the strategy for regenerating both the structural and functional features of bone. Mechanobiological studies in vitro apply a dynamic micro-mechanical environment to cells via bioreactors. Porous scaffolds are commonly used for housing the cells in a three-dimensional (3D) culturing environment. Such scaffolds usually have different pore geometries (e.g. with different pore shapes, pore dimensions and porosities). These pore geometries can affect the internal micro-mechanical environment that the cells experience when loaded in the bioreactor. Therefore, to adjust the applied micro-mechanical environment on cells, researchers can tune either the applied load and/or the design of the scaffold pore geometries. This review will provide information on how the micro-mechanical environment (e.g. fluid-induced wall shear stress and mechanical strain) is affected by various scaffold pore geometries within different bioreactors. It shall allow researchers to estimate/quantify the micro-mechanical environment according to the already known pore geometry information, or to find a suitable pore geometry according to the desirable micro-mechanical environment to be applied. Finally, as future work, artificial intelligent – assisted techniques, which can achieve an automatic design of solid porous scaffold geometry for tuning/optimising the micro-mechanical environment are suggested.

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Challenges on optimization of 3D-printed bone scaffolds

Cited by 146 publications

References 277 publications

In vivo performance of Al2O3-Ti bone implants in the rat femur

In vivo performance of Al2O3-Ti bone implants in the rat femur

Mesenchymal Stem Cells, Bioactive Factors, and Scaffolds in Bone Repair: From Research Perspectives to Clinical Practice

Porous Geometry Guided Micro-mechanical Environment Within Scaffolds for Cell Mechanobiology Study in Bone Tissue Engineering

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