Challenges of micro/mild hybridisation for construction machinery and applicability in UK

Truong, Dinh Quang; Marco, James; Greenwood, Darryl P.; Harper, L.T.; Corrochano, David; Yoon, Jong Il

doi:10.1016/j.rser.2018.03.027

Cited by 14 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…In Europe, the basis for the classification of small-sized equipment is the volume of the bucket and the weight of the equipment [9][10][11][12]. In the UK, small excavators are divided into 3 categories: micro, mini and super mini.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of the time norms for excavating soil with a mini excavator

Galiev

Ibragimov

2021

E3S Web Conf.

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Since 2010, there has been a growing trend in the market for mini-excavators from various manufacturers. The range of manufactured equipment is increasing, as well as the technological capabilities of construction equipment are growing. At the same time, in the modern standards of Russia are no figures on the complexity of soil excavation with this type of technology. The article shows the timing of soil excavation using the example of a mini-excavator with a bucket volume of 0.03-0.04 m3. The object of the study is the amount of time the mini-excavator works on II group of soils. The timekeeping method is used to determine the operating time of a mini-excavator with a bucket volume of 0.03 and 0.04 m3. It is experimentally obtained that the norm of time for operation of a mini-excavator with a bucket volume of 0.03m3 is 5.82 mach *hours, and for a bucket volume of 0.04 m3 is 5.37 mach*hour.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of the time norms for excavating soil with a mini excavator

Galiev

Ibragimov

2021

E3S Web Conf.

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“…Based on the weight and power classes of off-highway vehicles, the drivers for hybridization are slightly different. On the one hand, for medium size vehicles, which are regarded as the most interesting in the near future [129], the main drivers are reductions in the total cost of ownership and the enhancement of productivity; examples of machinery that follows these trends include the off-highway vehicles shown in Table 6, where, if stated in the references, there are also reported their energy saving percentages in relation to the ICE versions. Even if some of these vehicles have been on the market for several years, their use has been limited thus far, mainly due to the much higher upfront costs; for instance, in the on-highway industry, the same thing happened with hybrid buses, which never really took off [5], even though they were able to achieve a fuel consumption reduction of up to 20% with respect to conventional buses [130].…”

Section: Hybrid Vehicles and Architecturesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrification of Compact Off-Highway Vehicles—Overview of the Current State of the Art and Trends

et al. 2021

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Electrified vehicles have undergone great evolution during the last decade because of the increasing attention paid on environmental sustainability, greenhouse gas emissions and air pollution. Emission regulations are becoming increasingly tight, and governments have been allocating multiple funds to facilitate the spreading of the so-called green mobility. In this context, steering towards electrified solutions not only for passenger vehicles, but also for compact off-highway vehicles extensively employed, for instance, on construction sites located in urban areas, warehouses, and greenhouses, is essential even if seldom considered. Moreover, the electrification of compact off-highway machinery may allow manufacturers to increase their expertise in and lower the costs of these alternative solutions, while gathering useful data to be applied in bigger and more remunerative off-highway vehicles. In fact, while electric automobiles are as of now real alternatives for buyers, off-highway vehicles, regardless of the application, are mostly in the research and experimental phase, with few of them already on the market. This delay, in comparison with the passenger automotive industry, is caused by different factors, mostly related to the different tasks of off-highway vehicles in terms of duty cycles, productivity performance parameters and user acceptability. The aim of this paper is to give an overview of the many aspects of the electrification of compact off-highway vehicles, to highlight the key differences between on-highway and off-highway vehicles and to summarize in a single source of information the multiple solutions investigated by researchers and manufacturers.

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“…Intelligent algorithms such as reinforcement learning [38,39], fuzzy logic [40,41], and the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm [42] have been applied to the energy saving control of HECMs. Therefore, research on other types of HECM control strategies developed according to the characteristics of their operating conditions can provide enlightenment for us to control the HEB: the characteristics of HECMs, such as the periodicity of work, short idle time, and high fluctuation [43], especially the power supply and recovery of the hydraulic actuators, should be taken into account in the control.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptive Smoothing Power Following Control Strategy Based on an Optimal Efficiency Map for a Hybrid Electric Tracked Vehicle

et al. 2020

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The series hybrid electric powertrain is the main architecture of the hybrid electric tracked vehicle. For a series tracked hybrid electric bulldozer (HEB), frequent fluctuations of the engine working points, deviation of the genset working points from the pre-set target trajectory due to an insufficient response, or interference of the hydraulic pump consumed torque, will all result in increased fuel consumption. To solve the three problems of fuel economy, an adaptive smooth power following (ASPF) control strategy based on an optimal efficiency map is proposed. The strategy combines a fuzzy adaptive filter algorithm with a genset’s optimal efficiency, which can adaptively smooth the working points of the genset and search the trajectory for the genset’s best efficiency when the hydraulic pump torque is involved. In this study, the proposed strategy was compared on the established HEB hardware in loop (HIL) platform with two other strategies: a power following strategy in a preliminarily practical application (PF1) and a typical power following strategy based on the engine minimum fuel consumption curve (PF2). The results of the comparison show that (1) the proposed approach can significantly reduce the fluctuation and pre-set trajectory deviation of the engine and generator working points; (2) the ASPF strategy achieves a 7.8% improvement in the equivalent fuel saving ratio (EFSR) over the PF1 strategy, and a 3.4% better ratio than the PF2 strategy; and (3) the ASPF strategy can be implemented online with a practical controller.

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Challenges of micro/mild hybridisation for construction machinery and applicability in UK

Cited by 14 publications

References 59 publications

Determination of the time norms for excavating soil with a mini excavator

Determination of the time norms for excavating soil with a mini excavator

Electrification of Compact Off-Highway Vehicles—Overview of the Current State of the Art and Trends

Adaptive Smoothing Power Following Control Strategy Based on an Optimal Efficiency Map for a Hybrid Electric Tracked Vehicle

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