2020
DOI: 10.1037/law0000245
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Challenges of a “toolbox” approach to investigative interviewing: A critical analysis of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police’s (RCMP) Phased Interview Model.

Abstract: The Royal Canadian Mounted Police implemented the Phased Interview Model in Canada and has argued that it is a novel and productive way to interview suspects. We applaud the Royal Canadian Mounted Police for moving away from a purely accusatorial approach and recognize that Phased Interview Model contains several science-based practices. In this article, however, we evaluate the Phased Interview Model critically. In particular, we present compelling empirical evidence that three fundamental practices (minimizi… Show more

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Cited by 11 publications
(11 citation statements)
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References 70 publications
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“…Two decades of research have built a firm foundation for the notion that strategically disclosing evidence to suspects fosters the gathering of reliable and often incriminating information in an ethical and effective way Hartwig and Granhag 2015;Hartwig et al 2016;Oleszkiewicz and Watson 2020;Sandham et al 2020), and helps to obtain comprehensive accounts (Bull and Soukara 2010;Soukara 2005;Walsh and Bull 2012). Criminal investigators in a growing number of countries have been trained in several models of strategic interviewing (van Beek and Hoekendijk 2016;Clemens et al 2019;King (2002) in Sukumar et al 2016;Luke et al 2016;Nilsson, personal communication, 2019, November, 27;Rachlew, personal communication, 2020, March, 3;Snook et al 2020b). However, as stated in our introduction, the strategic interviewing research thus far has implicitly assumed that the evidence/information that is to be disclosed to the suspect is all correct information.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…Two decades of research have built a firm foundation for the notion that strategically disclosing evidence to suspects fosters the gathering of reliable and often incriminating information in an ethical and effective way Hartwig and Granhag 2015;Hartwig et al 2016;Oleszkiewicz and Watson 2020;Sandham et al 2020), and helps to obtain comprehensive accounts (Bull and Soukara 2010;Soukara 2005;Walsh and Bull 2012). Criminal investigators in a growing number of countries have been trained in several models of strategic interviewing (van Beek and Hoekendijk 2016;Clemens et al 2019;King (2002) in Sukumar et al 2016;Luke et al 2016;Nilsson, personal communication, 2019, November, 27;Rachlew, personal communication, 2020, March, 3;Snook et al 2020b). However, as stated in our introduction, the strategic interviewing research thus far has implicitly assumed that the evidence/information that is to be disclosed to the suspect is all correct information.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Further research into the potential effects of unwittingly disclosing incorrect evidence/information to suspects is therefore required, especially since it is well established that consciously disclosing false evidence in criminal investigations can have enormous consequences on not only in what it tells guilty suspects about the strength of the interviewer's case (Bull 2014), but also on the likelihood of innocent suspects making false confessions (Cabbell et al 2020;Gudjonsson 2003;Kassin and Kiechel 1996). Snook et al (2020b) explicitly warn the police to not abuse strategic interviewing by disclosing inaccurate or hypothetical information. Follow-up research could address topics such as (i) what is the critical threshold for evidence/ information being accurate enough to be used safely within a model of strategic interviewing (see for example the findings of Smith and Bull 2013, regarding there currently not being much guidance on pre-interview information assessment), (ii) what corrective mechanisms need to be in place when preparing, conducting or evaluating the interview, and (iii) what happens subsequently in the investigations when a suspect contradicts the information that was collected earlier.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…International hat teilweise ein Umdenken stattgefunden (Snook et al 2020). Beispielsweise haben sich Unternehmen wie Wicklander und Zulawski (www.w-z.com) von konfrontativ-druckausübenden Befragungsseminaren wegbewegt und selbst John E. Reid and Associates, Inc. bietet nun nichtdruckausübende Fortbildungsseminare an (www.…”
Section: Schlussfolgerungenunclassified
“…reid.com). Snook et al (2020) beschreiben jedoch, dass dies in Kanada zu einem "Werkzeugkasten" bei Ermittelnden führt: In diesen nehmen sie wissenschaftlich-fundierte und effektive Vernehmungstaktiken auf, wenn sie ihren Bedürfnissen entsprechen; jedoch greifen sie auch weiterhin bei Bedarf auf Taktiken wie Minimierung und Maximierung zurück. Die subjektive Notwendigkeit zum Rückgriff auf diese Taktiken dürfte besonders dann vorliegen, wenn Vernehmende von der Schuld der Beschuldigten überzeugt sind, weitere belastende Beweise fehlen und sie mit einem offenen Vernehmungsvorgehen kein Geständnis erzielen können (May 2021).…”
Section: Schlussfolgerungenunclassified
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