Challenges in Predicting Risks of Premature Coronary Artery Disease (PCAD)

Shukor, Muhammad Faizan A.; Ismail, Noor Akmal Shareela; Ngah, Wan Zurinah Wan

doi:10.17576/jsm-2018-4710-31

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 93 publications

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“…However, due to its complexity in pathophysiology, we could argue that relying on a single biomarker for early disease prediction is inadequate. 31 We proposed that plasma haptoglobin could be utilized together with hs-CRP as a panel of biomarkers to contribute to a risk score or logarithm in assessing early development of CAD. The essential role of inflammation in young patients with CAD is further supported by the significantly high number of active smokers among AMI patients in the current study.…”

Section: Original Articlementioning

confidence: 99%

Plasma Haptoglobin as A Potential Biomarker for Coronary Artery Disease in Young Hypertensive Adults

Mohamed Bakrim,

Wan Omar,

Abdullah

et al. 2024

imjm

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INTRODUCTION: Uncontrolled hypertension is one of the recognized risk factors for coronary artery disease (CAD) in young adults, commonly underestimated owing to the young age. A novel biomarker to improve CAD risk assessment and hypertension management should be identified for this cohort. Thus, we had conducted a study to investigate plasma concentration and the role of haptoglobin in young hypertensive adults in the establishment of premature acute myocardial infarction (AMI). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 120 male adults aged between 18 to 45 years enrolled into this cross-sectional study, divided into control, hypertensive, and acute myocardial infarction (AMI) groups. Blood samples were collected from all subjects, plasma concentrations of haptoglobin measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, and other CAD risk factors including high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels were analyzed. RESULTS: Plasma concentration of haptoglobin in the AMI group was the highest compared to hypertensive and control group (290.63±99.90 vs. 208.47±112.93 vs. 170.02±108.11 ng/ml, p<0.006). There was a significant association between AMI and plasma haptoglobin concentration in hypertensive subjects independent of other known CAD risk factors (OR: 0.985, 95% CI 0.973-0.997, p=0.017). There was positive correlation between plasma haptoglobin and hs-CRP (r=0.0370, p<0.001). CONCLUSION: Plasma haptoglobin is a potential biomarker to identify young hypertensive adults who are at risk of developing CAD.

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Section: Original Articlementioning

confidence: 99%

Plasma Haptoglobin as A Potential Biomarker for Coronary Artery Disease in Young Hypertensive Adults

Mohamed Bakrim,

Wan Omar,

Abdullah

et al. 2024

imjm

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“…In the presence of iron ions, GGT stimulates low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation and the production of reactive oxygen species and activated oxidative stress promotes in ammation [5,11,12]. The association between GGT levels and PCAD has been demonstrated in some reports [5,8,13], albeit it was not consistent across all studies [14]. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) is a membrane metalloenzyme that hydrolyzes the pyrophosphate and has higher liver, kidney, and bone activity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association Between Serum Gamma-Glutamyl Transferase and Alkaline Phosphatase with Presence of Premature Coronary Artery Disease: Findings from Khuzestan Comprehensive Health Study (KCHS)

Khaboushan,

Masoudkabir,

Jalali

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Background Coronary artery disease has remained the leading cause of death worldwide. Premature coronary artery disease (PCAD) is defined as the incidence of coronary artery disease in males ≤ 45 and females ≤ 55. This study aimed to investigate the association between the concentrations of gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) with the presence of PCAD for the first time in a large general population in a developing country. Methods A total of 20,542 from the Khuzestan Comprehensive Health Study participants were entered into the study based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The association of the GGT and ALP levels with the presence of PCAD was analyzed with multiple logistic regression models adjusted for gender, dyslipidemia, triglyceride concentration, cigarette smoking, opium consumption, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and age. Moreover, the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) was used to assess the predictive power of GGT and ALP for PCAD. Results While in univariate analyses both ALP and GGT were significantly associated with the presence of PCAD [GGT: odds ratio (OR), 1.008; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.005–1.011; p-value < 0.0001; ALP: OR, 1.003; CI, 1.002–1.004; p-value < 0.0001], after adjusting for confounders, the associations were no longer significant (GGT p-value = 0.177; ALP p-value = 0.963). However, the addition of the GGT to the conventional cardiovascular risk factors improved the predictive value of the model for the presence of PCAD in females (p-value < 0.05). Conclusions In conclusion, although ALP showed no independent association with PCAD, adding GGT to conventional cardiovascular risk factors could significantly improve the prediction of PCAD in female participants.

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Biomarkers for Premature Coronary Artery Disease (PCAD): A Case Control Study

et al. 2023

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Coronary artery disease (CAD) is often associated with the older generation. However, in recent years, there is an increasing trend in the prevalence of CAD among the younger population; this is known as premature CAD. Although biomarkers for CAD have been established, there are limited studies focusing on premature CAD especially among the Malay male population. Thus, the aim of this research was to compare the biomarkers between premature CAD (PCAD) and older CAD (OCAD) among Malay males. Subjects, recruited from the Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre and National Heart Institution, were divided into four groups: healthy control <45 years old; premature CAD (PCAD) <45 years old; healthy control >60 years old; and older CAD (OCAD) >60 years old, with n = 30 for each group. Ten potential markers for CAD including soluble sVCAM-1, sICAM-1, interleukin-2, interleukin-6, interleukin-10, Apo-E and Apo-A1, homocysteine, CRP, and vitamin D levels were examined. Our results revealed premature CAD patients had significantly higher values (p < 0.05) of sVCAM-1, CRP, interleukin-6, and vitamin D when compared to the age-matched controls. Similarly, older CAD patients showed higher levels of sVCAM-1, CRP, and interleukin-2 when compared to their age-matched controls. After adjusting for multiple parameters, only CRP remained significant for PCAD and interleukin-2 remained significant for CAD. This indicates that premature CAD and older CAD patients showed different profiles of protein biomarkers. CRP has the potential to become a biomarker for premature CAD while interleukin-2 is a better biomarker for older CAD together with other typical panels of protein biomarkers.

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Challenges in Predicting Risks of Premature Coronary Artery Disease (PCAD)

Cited by 3 publications

References 93 publications

Plasma Haptoglobin as A Potential Biomarker for Coronary Artery Disease in Young Hypertensive Adults

Plasma Haptoglobin as A Potential Biomarker for Coronary Artery Disease in Young Hypertensive Adults

Association Between Serum Gamma-Glutamyl Transferase and Alkaline Phosphatase with Presence of Premature Coronary Artery Disease: Findings from Khuzestan Comprehensive Health Study (KCHS)

Biomarkers for Premature Coronary Artery Disease (PCAD): A Case Control Study

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