Challenges in Implementing a Screening Method for Veterinary Drugs in Milk Using Liquid Chromatography Quadrupole Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry

Abstract

High resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) is a valuable tool for the analysis of chemical contaminants in food. Our laboratory has successfully developed methods to screen for veterinary drug residues using liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight (Q-TOF). There have been, however, significant challenges as methods are transferred from the development stage to routine regulatory analysis. Having experimental retention time and product ion information for analytes greatly facilitates the ability to determine if residues found by the HRMS searching software are false detects. These data were collected for over 200 veterinary drug residues using LC Q-TOF MS. The screening levels of detection for over 150 veterinary drug residues in milk were determined, and over half of those tested can be detected at concentrations of 10 ng/mL or less; 72% can be found in milk when present at 100 ng/mL. Tentative identification of the product ions from these analytes is also presented.

Development and Validation of a Multi-class UHPLC-MS/MS Method for Determination of Antibiotic Residues in Dairy Products

“…(Bohm et al 2009;Chico et al 2008;Dasenaki and Thomaidis 2015;Freitas et al 2014;Frenich et al 2010;Geis-Asteggiante et al 2012;Granelli and Branzell 2007;Han et al 2015;Hermo et al 2008;Kaufmann et al 2014;Martins-Júnior et al 2007;Mastovska and Lightfield 2008;Ortelli et al 2009;Stolker et al 2008;Turnipseed et al 2014;Wang et al 2015) but there is a lack in the method development for processed dairy products, since antibiotics are not fully degraded during pasteurization process (Pérez et al 2013).…”

Novel haptens synthesis and development of a monoclonal antibody-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for leuco-malachite green in fish

“…Numerous analytical methods for the determination of LMG residues have been published recently. For instance, liquid chromatography (LC) (Andersen, Turnipseed, & Roybal, 2006;Long et al, 2009;Xie et al, 2013), LC technology with a mass spectrometry (LC-MS; Chen & Miao, 2010;Deng et al, 2011;Li, Luo, Huang, Zhu, & Wu, 2014;López-Gutiérrez, Romero-González, Martinez Vidal, & Frenich, 2013;Turnipseed et al, 2014;Villar-Pulido, Gilbert-López, García-Reyes, Martos, & Molina-Díaz, 2011), LC-MS/MS (Andersen et al, 2006;Long et al, 2009;Xie et al, 2013), surfaceenhanced resonance Raman scattering (Zhang, Yu, et al, 2015) and micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography (Jiang, Lv, Cui, & Wang, 2012) were used to analyze MG and LMG. However, these instrument-based methods require expensive equipment, sophisticated expert operation, high routine cost, low sample throughput, and time-consuming and complicated sample preparation process (Gui, Jin, Sun, Guo, & Zhu, 2009;Wyatt, Garrett, Lee, & Morgan, 1999).…”

A new retrospective, multi‐evidence veterinary drug screening method using drift tube ion mobility mass spectrometry

“…Because the FbF algorithm considered isotope abundance for formula identification, interference to any of the isotope peaks of the potential drug may cause a false negative result (Figure A). The mass resolution of the TOF employed in this research was about 30,000 in the m/z range used and the higher resolution of a Fourier‐transform ion cyclotron resonance or Orbitrap mass spectrometer may help eliminate matrix interferences in some cases . Another common interference was the doubly charged dimer of the drug formed in the ESI source.…”