Challenges in diagnosing tuberculosis in children: a comparative study from Sudan

Elhassan, Mogahid M.; Elmekki, Miskelyemen A.; Osman, Ahmed L.; Hamid, Mohamed E.

doi:10.1016/j.ijid.2015.12.006

Cited by 16 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 19 publications

(25 reference statements)

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“…In developing countries, the management of childhood TB is challenging [ 3 ]. Its morbidity and mortality remain high, making it one of the three primary poverty-related infectious diseases [ 4 , 5 , 6 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Childhood Tuberculosis in a Sub-Saharan Tertiary Facility: Epidemiology and Factors Associated with Treatment Outcome

et al. 2016

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Childhood tuberculosis (TB) is a diagnostic challenge in developing countries, and patient outcome can be influenced by certain factors. We report the disease course, clinical profile and factors associated with treatment outcome in a tertiary facility of Kinshasa. Documentary and analytical studies were conducted using clinical and exploratory data for children aged up to 15 years who were admitted to the University Clinics of Kinshasa for TB. Data are presented as frequencies and averages, and binary and logistic regression analyses were performed. Of 283 children with TB, 82 (29.0%) had smear-negative TB, 40 (14.1%) had smear-positive TB, 159 (56.1%) had extra-pulmonary TB (EPTB), 2 (0.7%) had multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB), 167 (59.0%) completed treatment, 30 (10.6%) were cured, 7 (2.5%) failed treatment, 4 (1.4%) died, 55 (19.4%) were transferred to health centers nearest their home, and 20 (7.0%) were defaulters. In the binary analysis, reported TB contacts (p = 0.048), type of TB (p = 0.000), HIV status (p = 0.050), Ziehl-Nielsen test result (p = 0.000), Lowenstein culture (p = 0.004) and chest X-ray (p = 0.057) were associated with outcome. In the logistic regression, none of these factors was a significant predictor of outcome. Tertiary level care facilities must improve the diagnosis and care of patients with childhood TB, which justifies the development of alternative diagnostic techniques and the assessment of other factors that potentially affect outcome.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Childhood Tuberculosis in a Sub-Saharan Tertiary Facility: Epidemiology and Factors Associated with Treatment Outcome

et al. 2016

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“…Although efforts have been made to achieve zero mortality, childhood TB remains a challenge [13]. The WHO then altered its strategies [14] for the prevention and the control of the disease, and it requested the implementation of several modes of attack.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal Knowledge of Tuberculosis and Bacillus Calmette Guerin Vaccination in Pediatric Health Services in Kinshasa

Aketi¹,

Diayisu²,

Kashongwe³

et al. 2017

JTR

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Introduction: To participate effectively in the fight against tuberculosis (TB), mothers need to have a good knowledge of TB and its prevention. The objective of this study was to evaluate the knowledge of mothers about TB and Bacillus Calmette Guérin (BCG). Methods: This was a cross-sectional survey performed from September to December 2015 in 4 health care facilities of Kinshasa. It concerned mothers of children who received BCG vaccine. The frequencies and chi-square of Pearson were used to report results. Results: A total of 380 couples of the children and their mothers were recruited. The median age of children was 16 months (ranges: 6 days to 59 months); 224 (58.9%) of them received BCG during the period recommended; 62 (16.3%) experienced a side effect. There was a significant association (p = 0.00) between sides effects and the delayed vaccination. The average age of the mothers was 29.3 ± 6.4 years; 352 (92.6%) had heard about TB; 28 (7.4%) never heard about it; 168 (44.2%) knew that TB is a contagious disease; only 111 (29.2%) knew the mode of transmission; 87 (22.9%) did not know any signs of TB, and 54 (14.2%) knew about prevention with the BCG vaccine. Factors significantly associated with the mothers' lack of knowledge were a low level of education (p = 0.01), young age (p = 0.02), and place of residence (p = 0.04). Conclusion: There is an urgent need to improve the education of the population, particularly those who lives in poor conditions and who are uneducated.

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“…Thus, the distinction of infection from disease, particularly in children, is still unclear. Additionally, microbiologic confirmation of bacteria in body fluids in childhood is difficult because of the poor bacillary count [195][196][197].…”

Section: Future Directions In Clinicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aptamers for Diagnostics with Applications for Infectious Diseases

İlgü¹,

Fazlioglu²,

Ozturk³

et al. 2019

Recent Advances in Analytical Chemistry

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Aptamers are in vitro selected oligonucleotides (DNA, RNA, oligos with modified nucleotides) that can have high affinity and specificity for a broad range of potential targets with high affinity and specificity. Here we focus on their applications as biosensors in the diagnostic field, although they can also be used as therapeutic agents. A small number of peptide aptamers have also been identified. In analytical settings, aptamers have the potential to extend the limit of current techniques as they offer many advantages over antibodies and can be used for real-time biomarker detection, cancer clinical testing, and detection of infectious microorganisms and viruses. Once optimized and validated, aptasensor technologies are expected to be highly beneficial to clinicians by providing a larger range and more rapid output of diagnostic readings than current technologies and support personalized medicine and faster implementation of optimal treatments.

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Challenges in diagnosing tuberculosis in children: a comparative study from Sudan

Abstract: It is concluded that whilst TST and IS6110 achieved 100% sensitivity based on the reference standard of culture, the latter was more specific. The TST is recommended for routine diagnosis and the use of PCR for particular cases, depending on the facilities and the urgency.

Cited by 16 publications

References 19 publications

Childhood Tuberculosis in a Sub-Saharan Tertiary Facility: Epidemiology and Factors Associated with Treatment Outcome

Childhood Tuberculosis in a Sub-Saharan Tertiary Facility: Epidemiology and Factors Associated with Treatment Outcome

Maternal Knowledge of Tuberculosis and Bacillus Calmette Guerin Vaccination in Pediatric Health Services in Kinshasa

Aptamers for Diagnostics with Applications for Infectious Diseases

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