Challenges in Assessment and Diagnosis of Generalized Anxiety Disorder

Portman, Michael E.; Starčević, Vladan; Beck, Aaron T.

doi:10.3928/00485713-20110203-06

Cited by 15 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…An examination of the items suggests that these items may also reflect a somatic tension/autonomic arousal factor relative to the other items, which are more cognitive in nature [10]. Portman, Starcevic, and Beck [34] and Roth et al [35] have suggested that it may be beneficial to examine the subtypes of GAD, on the basis of findings that individuals who would otherwise meet diagnostic criteria for GAD (based on fulfilling the associated symptoms criterion) fail to receive the diagnosis because they do not meet the excessive worry criterion.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The psychometric properties of the Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale (GAD-7) among Korean university students

Lee

Kim

2019

Psychiatry and Clinical Psychopharmacology

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OBJECTIVE: The seven-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale (GAD-7) is a practical self-report measure that screens for the severity of Generalized Anxiety Disorder in primary care. Previous studies have shown that the GAD-7 is theoretically sound, but the results regarding its psychometric properties have been somewhat inconsistent with both adult and student samples. Despite these findings, the psychometric properties of the GAD-7 have remained untested among Korean university students, for whom the identification of efficient measures of these constructs is especially important. To determine the psychometric properties of the GAD-7, the present study examined the internal consistency, convergent validity, and underlying factor structure of the GAD-7 with a sample of Korean university students. METHODS: The sample consisted of 582 students attending a four-year university in South Korea. All participants completed the Korean version of the GAD-7, the Depression Anxiety, and Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21), and the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). The factor structure of the GAD-7 was assessed by exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and its convergent validity was determined by investigating its correlations with the DASS-21 and PHQ-9. RESULTS: CFA procedures confirmed that a modified one-factor model was an acceptable solution. The internal consistency of the scale was excellent. The GAD-7 showed a moderate to strong correlation with the three subscales of the DASS-21 and with the PHQ-9, confirming convergent validity. CONCLUSIONS: The findings indicate that the modified GAD-7 is a reliable and valid instrument for assessing generalized anxiety symptoms in university students. Its use for research and health care practice is warranted.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The psychometric properties of the Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale (GAD-7) among Korean university students

Lee

Kim

2019

Psychiatry and Clinical Psychopharmacology

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“…Follow-up exploratory analyses suggested that several of the items, specifically items 4, 5 and 6, shared unique variance beyond that explained by the GAD factor. Portman et al (2011) hypothesize that there may be subtypes of GAD, including an excessive worry type, a somatic tension/autonomic arousal subtype and a combined subtype. A recent review has suggested that it may be beneficial to examine the subtypes of GAD (Portman, Starcevic, & Beck, 2011), on the basis of findings that individuals who would otherwise meet diagnostic criteria for GAD (based on endorsement of the associated symptoms criterion) fail to receive the diagnosis because they do not meet the excessive worry criterion (Roth et al, 2008).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A recent review has suggested that it may be beneficial to examine the subtypes of GAD (Portman, Starcevic, & Beck, 2011), on the basis of findings that individuals who would otherwise meet diagnostic criteria for GAD (based on endorsement of the associated symptoms criterion) fail to receive the diagnosis because they do not meet the excessive worry criterion (Roth et al, 2008). Portman et al (2011) hypothesize that there may be subtypes of GAD, including an excessive worry type, a somatic tension/autonomic arousal subtype and a combined subtype. To date, no work has tested this hypothesis empirically, although our findings here suggest that this may be valuable to explore in future work.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validity of the Generalized Anxiety Disorder‐7 Scale in an Acute Psychiatric Sample

Kertz

Bigda-Peyton

Björgvinsson

2012

Clin Psychology and Psychoth

222

181

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The GAD-7 Scale is an easy-to-score, self-report measure of core generalized anxiety disorder symptoms. The GAD-7 Scale has good internal consistency and convergent validity with depression, anxiety, stress and worry, and is sensitive to change. The GAD-7 Scale appears to be a good measure of generalized anxiety symptoms in an acute psychiatric sample. The GAD-7 Scale does not perform well as a screener for GAD and should not be used to identify cases of GAD in acute psychiatric samples.

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“…It was considered useful to provide cut-off scores both for all anxiety disorders as well as specific cut-off scores for GAD. Considered broadly, GAD is one of the least reliably diagnosed anxiety disorders, often going undiagnosed (Portman, Starcevic, & Beck, 2011).…”

Section: The Geriatric Anxiety Inventorymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Geriatric Anxiety Inventory: International Use and Future Directions

Pachana

Byrne

2012

Australian Psychologist

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Anxiety in later life is relatively common in older populations but remains under-diagnosed and treated. Both primary and comorbid anxiety disorders in later life contribute to overall burden of disease, which is reflected in excess morbidity and mortality. One important means to reduce excess burden and instigate appropriate treatments for older adults with anxiety is to accurately assess this condition more across diagnoses and settings. The introduction of the Geriatric Anxiety Inventory and its variations has made an impact on assessment of anxiety research internationally, contributing to the growing global interest in the topic of late-life anxiety. This article discusses reasons for developing the test, processes of test construction, description of the most recent versions of the test, issues in developing culturally-appropriate normative data, adoption of the tests by researchers and clinicians, and future development plans for the test.

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Challenges in Assessment and Diagnosis of Generalized Anxiety Disorder

Cited by 15 publications

References 40 publications

The psychometric properties of the Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale (GAD-7) among Korean university students

The psychometric properties of the Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale (GAD-7) among Korean university students

Validity of the Generalized Anxiety Disorder‐7 Scale in an Acute Psychiatric Sample

The Geriatric Anxiety Inventory: International Use and Future Directions

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