Challenges for Assessing Toxicity of Nanomaterials

Abstract

On the development of nano-world, nanotechnology provides enormous opportunities in daily routine products and further future sustainable innovations. The nanotechnology extends its benefits to various fields such as engineering, medical, biological, environmental, and communication. However, the exponential growth of nanomaterials production would lead to severe complications related to their hazardous effects to the human health and environment. Moreover, negative impact of nanomaterials toxicity on human health is one of the significant issues on exhausting nano-products. The most vulnerable situation is associated with the use of nanomaterials in the biomedical application. The several efforts have been ongoing to study the nanotoxicity and its interaction with the biomolecules. Nevertheless, it is hard to assess and validate the nanotoxicity in a biological system. This chapter aims to study the challenges in determining the toxicity of nanomaterials. The toxicity assessment and hurdles in determining the impact on biological systems are epoch making. In-vitro, in-vivo, and in-silico studies are summarized in this chapter in assessing the toxicity of engineered nanomaterials. The different approaches of toxicity assessment have their difficulties faced by researchers while characterizing nanomaterials in powder form, solution-based, and interacting with biological systems. The assessment tools and characterization techniques play a vital role in overcoming the challenges, while the cytotoxic assays involve nanoparticle shape, morphology, and size consideration.

Nanotoxicity of Emerging NMC-Family Energy Storage Nanomaterials

“…Material size is a fundamental factor for determining cytotoxic responses, and previous literatures have confirmed the increase of these responses with a reduced particle size [27][28]. Although comprehensive studies on the possible risks of exposure to NMC-family materials have not been carried out, inference can be drawn from materials with similar use and intake pattern, and these risks have been found to include mitochondrial dysfunction, necrosis, membrane, and cell damage [29].…”

A Review on Conventional and Advanced Methods for Nanotoxicology Evaluation of Engineered Nanomaterials

“…In addition, surface coating of NMs has been shown to act as an interface between the cell and the NMs by affecting the intrinsic interactions, cytotoxicity, and cell uptake. For example, NMs with positive charges have been demonstrated to produce more toxicity effects than the NMs with negative and neutral charges [5,6].…”

“…Moreover, these two methods also have their disadvantages. For instance, the disadvantages of in vitro assays include the lack of NM secondary interferences and unknown physiological pathways while the limitations of the in vivo approach are its inability to predict human biological responses, ethical issues, and the extended time required for the evaluation [6]. Besides this, there are drawbacks to establishing practical in vitro models analogous to in vivo testing models.…”

“…In addition, the risk assessment and hazard control of NMs are explored. However, the data produced depend upon reliable experimental toxicity results obtained from in vitro and in vivo studies [6,77,78].…”

Aplicações Clínicas Dos Glicopeptídeos Nas Unidades De Terapia Intensivas

“…De acordo com Hajipour et al, (2012) as nanopartículas podem ser recicladas para uso repetitivo como agentes antimicrobianos. Isso ocorre por ser muito difícil para as bactérias desenvolver resistência contra essas NPs, uma vez que os NPs têm como alvo várias vias celulares simultâneas (GUPTA et al, 2019).…”