Challenges and Opportunities of Integrating Electric Vehicles in Electricity Distribution Systems

Panossian, Nadia; Muratori, Matteo; Palmintier, Bryan; Meintz, Andrew; Lipman, Timothy; Moffat, Keith

doi:10.1007/s40518-022-00201-2

Cited by 14 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 123 publications

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“…Their findings showed that the transformer overloading index became unsatisfactory when the EV penetration reached 75%, thereby reducing its lifetime. Furthermore, overnight charging of EVs may interfere with conventional night-time cool-down periods for transformers, likely resulting in shorter transformer lifetimes [53]. Powerlines and transformers can also overheat when overloaded by the increased number of EVs, causing outages, fires, and, more commonly, accelerated component ageing.…”

Section: ) Distribution Equipment Overloading and Ageingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancing Microgrid Operation Through Electric Vehicle Integration: A Survey

Sora,

Serban,

Petreus

2024

IEEE Access

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The integration of renewable energy sources (RES) and electric vehicles (EVs) into microgrids (MGs) has significant potential for enhancing energy resilience, addressing environmental concerns, and promoting decentralized energy systems as a global shift towards sustainable energy solutions. Therefore, this survey paper provides a comprehensive discussion on improving MG operation through EV integration. This study evaluates the status of EV integration into MGs, focusing on technological advancements, and emerging trends, while pinpointing key technical challenges and opportunities. Furthermore, this paper examines the pivotal role of EVs in participating in vehicle-to-grid (V2G) services, providing ancillary support to improve MG performance. The importance of a reliable communication infrastructure for information exchange between EV, EV charging stations (EVCSs), and MG has been emphasized for the effective implementation of V2G services. This discussion extends to the contributions of EVs to primary, secondary, and tertiary MG controls. The paper also analyzes the integration of EVs into AC and DC MGs and further proposes configurations for both MG cases. Finally, the paper concludes by providing recommendations for future research to unlock the full potential of EV contributions to MG performance, thereby contributing to the ongoing advancement of sustainable and resilient energy systems. The key findings of this work include solutions for MG voltage and frequency regulation implemented through EV bidirectional converter power flow control, EV charger configurations for integration into AC and DC, EV contributions in improving the MG's operational resilience and adaptability, and the noteworthy challenges arising from V2G implementation in such systems.INDEX TERMS electric vehicle charging, microgrids, renewable energy sources, vehicle-to-grid

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Section: ) Distribution Equipment Overloading and Ageingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancing Microgrid Operation Through Electric Vehicle Integration: A Survey

Sora,

Serban,

Petreus

2024

IEEE Access

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“…The analysis of the impact on the existing electric infrastructure due to the introduction of EVs is currently underway. As the popularity of EVs continues to grow in the transportation sector, it is anticipated that the existing grid system will undergo significant advancements in order to accommodate this shift [47,48]. Figure 3 illustrates the barriers to EV adoption.…”

Section: Challenges To the Widespread Adoption Of Evsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comprehensive Review of Electric Vehicle Technology and Its Impacts: Detailed Investigation of Charging Infrastructure, Power Management, and Control Techniques

et al. 2023

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Electric vehicles (EVs) are universally recognized as an incredibly effective method of lowering gas emissions and dependence on oil for transportation. Electricity, rather than more traditional fuels like gasoline or diesel, is used as the main source of energy to recharge the batteries in EVs. Future oil demand should decline as a result of the predicted rise in the number of EVs on the road. The charging infrastructure is considered as a key element of EV technology where the recent research is mostly focused. A strong charging infrastructure that serves both urban and rural areas, especially those with an unstable or nonexistent electrical supply, is essential in promoting the global adoption of EVs. Followed by different EV structures such as fuel-cell- and battery-integrated EVs, the charging infrastructures are thoroughly reviewed in three modes, specifically—off-grid (standalone), grid-connected, and hybrid modes (capable of both standalone and grid-connected operations). It will be interesting for the readers to understand in detail several energy-source-based charging systems and the usage of charging stations for different power levels. Towards the improvement of the lifetime and efficiency of EVs, charging methods and charging stations in integration with microgrid architectures are thoroughly investigated. EVs are a multi-energy system, which requires effective power management and control to optimize energy utilization. This review article also includes an evaluation of several power management and control strategies followed by the impact assessment of EVs on the utility grid. The findings and the future research directions provided in this review article will be extremely beneficial for EV operators and research engineers.

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“…The strong and widespread uptake of electric vehicles (EVs) will result in a substantial increase of demands in distribution networks (DNs), particularly in residential applications with onboard ("slow") EV chargers. This new demand from EVs is in previous work approached as a significant challenge and as an opportunity for realising various demand management and balancing services [1][2][3]. The main concern is related to uncontrolled charging of a large number of EVs, which is generally assumed to coincide with the peak demand of the existing pre-EV loads, therefore likely resulting in network overloading.…”

Section: Introduction and Brief Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hosting capacity of distribution networks for controlled and uncontrolled residential EV charging with static and dynamic thermal ratings of network components

Zakaria,

Duan,

Djokic

2023

IET Generation Trans & Dist

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The ongoing electrification of road transportation sector, which is expected to continue to strongly increase over the next years, will result in the connection of a significant number of electric vehicle (EV) chargers in LV and MV distribution networks, particularly in residential applications with on‐board (“slow”) EV chargers. In order to evaluate loading limits of existing distribution networks for the maximum number of EV chargers that can be safely connected (commonly denoted as a network EV “hosting capacity”, HC), this paper introduces a general approach to determine one commonly used network design parameter (after‐diversity maximum demand, ADMD) and one new parameter (maximum daily energy demand, MDED), which are both obtained from the load profiles of maximum per‐hour demands for uncontrolled residential EV charging. The presented approach uses actual EV charging data from the UK as the inputs in Monte Carlo simulations to generate daily EV charging profiles for arbitrary numbers of EVs, enabling to identify related ADMD, MDED and per‐hour maximum demand values, as well as their seasonal variations. The assessed ADMD, MDED and hourly maximum EV charging demands for uncontrolled EV charging are then combined with available UK residential daily load profiles before the EVs are connected (“pre‐EV demands”), where their combined coincidental and noncoincidental maximum demands are evaluated against the static thermal rating (STR) and dynamic thermal rating (DTR) loading limits of network components (transformers and overhead lines), taking into account relevant weather/ambient conditions. This is denoted as a network HC for uncontrolled EV charging. Finally, evaluating the resulting per‐hour maximum demand values against the STR and DTR loading limits and MDED values allows to select one particular scheduling method for controlled EV charging, which gives the absolute maximum number of EVs that can be safely connected in the considered network, that is, maximum network HC for fully controlled EV charging. The presented approach is illustrated on the example of the IEEE 33‐bus test network (modelled using typical UK network components), for the pre‐EV residential demands taken from the recordings at a UK MV substation, and for ambient data taken from a UK Met Office weather station. Obtained results allow to evaluate the range of network EV HC values for uncontrolled and controlled EV charging, that is, lower and upper HC limits, which can be correlated with the commonly used allocations of the firm and non‐firm network HC, respectively.

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Challenges and Opportunities of Integrating Electric Vehicles in Electricity Distribution Systems

Cited by 14 publications

References 123 publications

Enhancing Microgrid Operation Through Electric Vehicle Integration: A Survey

Enhancing Microgrid Operation Through Electric Vehicle Integration: A Survey

Comprehensive Review of Electric Vehicle Technology and Its Impacts: Detailed Investigation of Charging Infrastructure, Power Management, and Control Techniques

Hosting capacity of distribution networks for controlled and uncontrolled residential EV charging with static and dynamic thermal ratings of network components

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