Comprehensive Review of Electric Vehicle Technology and Its Impacts: Detailed Investigation of Charging Infrastructure, Power Management, and Control Techniques

Kumar, Madhav; Panda, Kaibalya Prasad; Naayagi, R. T.; Thakur, Ritula; Panda, Gayadhar

doi:10.3390/app13158919

Cited by 36 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 153 publications

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“…Step 3: The SOC, the start charging time, and the charging time length within the charging time are calculated using Monte Carlo sampling, as shown in Eqs. ( 1), (2), and (3);…”

Section: Figure 1 Flowchart For Calculating the Charging Load Of The Evsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…EVS has become a convenient and cost-effective approach to commuting in cities. It helps not only to reduce traffic congestion and open up urban parking spaces [2] but also reduces the consumption of vehicles that have fossil fuel-fired internal combustion engines to reduce greenhouse gas emissions [3], [4]. However, ensuring large-scale access to EVS affects the planning and operation of urban distribution networks.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reliability Evaluation of Electric Vehicle Sharing Considering Charging Load Transfer in a Distribution Network Containing Microgrids

Li,

Deng

et al. 2024

IEEE Access

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“…Step 3: The SOC, the start charging time, and the charging time length within the charging time are calculated using Monte Carlo sampling, as shown in Eqs. ( 1), (2), and (3);…”

Section: Figure 1 Flowchart For Calculating the Charging Load Of The Evsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reliability Evaluation of Electric Vehicle Sharing Considering Charging Load Transfer in a Distribution Network Containing Microgrids

Li,

Deng

et al. 2024

IEEE Access

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“…There are several environmental and financial advantages to using renewable energy sources, such as wind and solar energy [2,4,5]. Figure 1 shows the percentage of CO 2 emissions attributable to different sectors: industry, transportation, residential, electricity and heat, and other sectors worldwide [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Energies 2024, 17, 2593 2 of 19 solar energy [2,4,5]. Figure 1 shows the percentage of CO2 emissions attributable to different sectors: industry, transportation, residential, electricity and heat, and other sectors worldwide [6]. The renewable sources' intermittency makes it difficult to keep the system stable because variations in generation might cause frequency variances.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Studying the Optimal Frequency Control Condition for Electric Vehicle Fast Charging Stations as a Dynamic Load Using Reinforcement Learning Algorithms in Different Photovoltaic Penetration Levels

Altarjami,

Alhazmi

2024

Energies

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This study investigates the impact of renewable energy penetration on system stability and validates the performance of the (Proportional-Integral-Derivative) PID-(reinforcement learning) RL control technique. Three scenarios were examined: no photovoltaic (PV), 25% PV, and 50% PV, to evaluate the impact of PV penetration on system stability. The results demonstrate that while the absence of renewable energy yields a more stable frequency response, a higher PV penetration (50%) enhances stability in tie-line active power flow between interconnected systems. This shows that an increased PV penetration improves frequency balance and active power flow stability. Additionally, the study evaluates three control scenarios: no control input, PID-(Particle Swarm Optimization) PSO, and PID-RL, to validate the performance of the PID-RL control technique. The findings show that the EV system with PID-RL outperforms the other scenarios in terms of frequency response, tie-line active power response, and frequency difference response. The PID-RL controller significantly enhances the damping of the dominant oscillation mode and restores the stability within the first 4 s—after the disturbance in first second. This leads to an improved stability compared to the EV system with PID-PSO (within 21 s) and without any control input (oscillating more than 30 s). Overall, this research provides the improvement in terms of frequency response, tie-line active power response, and frequency difference response with high renewable energy penetration levels and the research validates the effectiveness of the PID-RL control technique in stabilizing the EV system. These findings can contribute to the development of strategies for integrating renewable energy sources and optimizing control systems, ensuring a more stable and sustainable power grid.

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“…This strategy can include several demand control methods that vary in complexity and application areas. These methods include [22]:…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Flexible Charging to Energy Saving—Strategies Assessment with Big Data Analysis for PHEVs Private Cars

Andrenacci,

Giuli,

Genovese

et al. 2024

WEVJ

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In road transport, most vehicles today still rely on internal combustion engines. However, these engines have lower efficiency and generate higher pollution levels compared to electric motors. Consequently, there is a growing interest in the transition from conventional vehicles to electric ones. However, the transition to an electrified road transport system is not without challenges. Among these, the impact that electric vehicle charging will have on the electricity grid is of particular concern. This paper analyzes different charging scenarios for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) and proposes charging strategies to minimize their impact on the electricity grid. The analysis is based on a large dataset of trips in urban areas in Italy. The study shows that smart charging of PHEVs can be implemented to minimize the impact on the electricity grid. The implementation of optimized charging strategies can contribute to making PHEVs a valid, eco-sustainable alternative to conventional vehicles while also promoting the stability and efficiency of the electricity grid. The study aims to verify the effectiveness and efficiency of the flexible charging strategy by comparing the common charging operation (first in–first out) with other, less impactful charging schemes.

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Comprehensive Review of Electric Vehicle Technology and Its Impacts: Detailed Investigation of Charging Infrastructure, Power Management, and Control Techniques

Cited by 36 publications

References 153 publications

Reliability Evaluation of Electric Vehicle Sharing Considering Charging Load Transfer in a Distribution Network Containing Microgrids

Reliability Evaluation of Electric Vehicle Sharing Considering Charging Load Transfer in a Distribution Network Containing Microgrids

Studying the Optimal Frequency Control Condition for Electric Vehicle Fast Charging Stations as a Dynamic Load Using Reinforcement Learning Algorithms in Different Photovoltaic Penetration Levels

Flexible Charging to Energy Saving—Strategies Assessment with Big Data Analysis for PHEVs Private Cars

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