Challenges and Opportunities of Graphene-Based Materials in Current Desalination and Water Purification Technologies

Ahmed, Menatalla; Giwa, Adewale; Hasan, Shadi W.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-813926-4.00033-1

Cited by 13 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 115 publications

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“…As one of the CDI types, membrane-coupled capacitive deionization (MCDI) was used in this work [ 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 ]. Ion removal by CDI is performed by repeating the ion adsorption and desorption phases [ 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization and Evaluation for the Capacitive Deionization Process of Wastewater Reuse in Combined Cycle Power Plants

et al. 2023

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Combined cycle power plants (CCPPs) use large amounts of water withdrawn from nearby rivers and generate wastewater containing ions and pollutants. Despite the need for wastewater reclamation, few technologies can successfully convert the wastewater into make-up water for CCPPs. Therefore, this study aimed to apply capacitive deionization (CDI) for wastewater reclamation in CCPPs. Using a bench-scale experimental unit, which included ion exchange membranes and carbon electrodes, response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize the operating conditions of the CDI process to increase the total dissolved solids (TDS) removal and product water ratio. The optimal conditions were found to be a voltage of 1.5 V, a flow rate of 15 mL/min, and an adsorption/desorption ratio of 1:0.8. The changes in CDI performance with time were also studied, and the foulants on the membranes, spacers, and electrodes were examined to understand the fouling mechanism. The TDS removal decreased from 93.65% to 55.70% after 10 days of operation due to the deposition of scale and organic matter. After chemical cleaning, the TDS removal rate recovered to 93.02%, which is close to the initial condition.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization and Evaluation for the Capacitive Deionization Process of Wastewater Reuse in Combined Cycle Power Plants

et al. 2023

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“…Graphene sheets have been emerging as a more viable form of water filtration owing to their cost-effectiveness, thermal properties, and unique morphology. Several studies have found that there is a substantial supply that may be employed on a commercial scale. − …”

Section: Current Challenges and Commercial Viabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable Approach for Developing Graphene-Based Materials from Natural Resources and Biowastes for Electronic Applications

Jindal

Anand

Sharma

et al. 2022

ACS Appl. Electron. Mater.

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Graphene, attributable to its exceptional electrical, chemical, physical, mechanical, thermal, structural, and optical characteristics, has evolved into a remarkable and revolutionary substance with which scientists are tinkering and molding its various forms. Currently, as greener resources are more approachable, for environmental and human health reasons, researchers are now employing diverse forms of natural resources, such as plant resources (flowers, wood, leaves, etc.), edibles (fruits, vegetables, cookies, chocolate, coffee, tea, etc.), biowaste, or any other kind of natural resources, by using different methods for their synthesis, such as the hydrothermal method, chemical vapor deposition, thermal exfoliation, freeze-drying, and so on, for framing different forms of graphene or its hybrids or even for the synthesis of graphene itself. In this review, we highlight several natural resources along with the biowaste materials to fabricate widely approachable graphenes which can also be transformed into different forms to make them more environmentally protected. We included here the safer synthetic processes, as well as many sectors where graphene and its various forms have intriguing potential. Future graphene research is anticipating new paths as the demand for the protection of the environment and sustainable alternatives is increasing.

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“…Despite advantages of CNTs, drawbacks such as high cost and low selectivity for certain ions (arsenate, arsenic, and sodium) have limited their commercialization [118]. Graphene, a cost-effective two-dimensional carbon allotrope that consists of a monolayer of carbon atoms arranged in hexagonal lattice, has been found to be a highly permeable and selective material for water purification processes [125,126]. Since water flux across a membrane is inversely proportional to the membrane thickness, single-atom-thick graphene offers an opportunity for exceptional permeability and efficient energy utilization [127].…”

Section: Reverse Osmosis and Nanofiltration Membranesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on Reverse Osmosis and Nanofiltration Membranes for Water Purification

et al. 2019

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Sustainable and affordable supply of clean, safe, and adequate water is one of the most challenging issues facing the world. Membrane separation technology is one of the most cost-effective and widely applied technologies for water purification. Polymeric membranes such as cellulose-based (CA) membranes and thin-film composite (TFC) membranes have dominated the industry since 1980. Although further development of polymeric membranes for better performance is laborious, the research findings and sustained progress in inorganic membrane development have grown fast and solve some remaining problems. In addition to conventional ceramic metal oxide membranes, membranes prepared by graphene oxide (GO), carbon nanotubes (CNTs), and mixed matrix materials (MMMs) have attracted enormous attention due to their desirable properties such as tunable pore structure, excellent chemical, mechanical, and thermal tolerance, good salt rejection and/or high water permeability. This review provides insight into synthesis approaches and structural properties of recent reverse osmosis (RO) and nanofiltration (NF) membranes which are used to retain dissolved species such as heavy metals, electrolytes, and inorganic salts in various aqueous solutions. A specific focus has been placed on introducing and comparing water purification performance of different classes of polymeric and ceramic membranes in related water treatment industries. Furthermore, the development challenges and research opportunities of organic and inorganic membranes are discussed and the further perspectives are analyzed.

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Challenges and Opportunities of Graphene-Based Materials in Current Desalination and Water Purification Technologies

Cited by 13 publications

References 115 publications

Optimization and Evaluation for the Capacitive Deionization Process of Wastewater Reuse in Combined Cycle Power Plants

Optimization and Evaluation for the Capacitive Deionization Process of Wastewater Reuse in Combined Cycle Power Plants

Sustainable Approach for Developing Graphene-Based Materials from Natural Resources and Biowastes for Electronic Applications

A Review on Reverse Osmosis and Nanofiltration Membranes for Water Purification

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