Sustainable Approach for Developing Graphene-Based Materials from Natural Resources and Biowastes for Electronic Applications

Abstract

Graphene, attributable to its exceptional electrical, chemical, physical, mechanical, thermal, structural, and optical characteristics, has evolved into a remarkable and revolutionary substance with which scientists are tinkering and molding its various forms. Currently, as greener resources are more approachable, for environmental and human health reasons, researchers are now employing diverse forms of natural resources, such as plant resources (flowers, wood, leaves, etc.), edibles (fruits, vegetables, cookies, chocolate, coffee, tea, etc.), biowaste, or any other kind of natural resources, by using different methods for their synthesis, such as the hydrothermal method, chemical vapor deposition, thermal exfoliation, freeze-drying, and so on, for framing different forms of graphene or its hybrids or even for the synthesis of graphene itself. In this review, we highlight several natural resources along with the biowaste materials to fabricate widely approachable graphenes which can also be transformed into different forms to make them more environmentally protected. We included here the safer synthetic processes, as well as many sectors where graphene and its various forms have intriguing potential. Future graphene research is anticipating new paths as the demand for the protection of the environment and sustainable alternatives is increasing.

Flexible Hybrid Electronics Nanofiber Electrodes with Excellent Stretchability and Highly Stable Electrical Conductivity for Smart Clothing

“…Following a previous study, 200 mg of CB, 200 mg of CNTs, or 200 mg of graphene was first dispersed and suspended in 100 mL of concentrated H 2 SO 4 /HNO 3 solution (at a ratio of 3:1) to increase its degree of surface acidification. , At a room temperature of 25 °C, the suspension was placed in an ice bath for sonication for 3 h; as a result, oxygen-containing functional groups were formed on the surface of the CB, CNTs, and graphene. Subsequently, the suspension was diluted in 5 L of deionized (DI) water, then filtered, centrifuged, and washed with DI water several times.…”

Comprehensive Review on Nitrogen-Doped Graphene: Structure Characterization, Growth Strategy, and Capacitive Energy Storage

“…The characterization methods of the layer number, specific surface area (SSA), pore characteristics, and conductance properties are the same for NG and pure graphene (Figure 1). 11,12 Here, we just stress the unique features and structures revealed by different instruments.…”

Functional Carbon from Nature: Biomass‐Derived Carbon Materials and the Recent Progress of Their Applications

“…BCMs possess various advantages apart from sustainability, such as multiplex design of structure and morphology, facile functionalization ability, and tunable surface and electron structure. [ 387 ] At present, BCMs have been used in different types of soft electronics, including sensors and e‐textiles.…”