Challenges and Opportunities in Industry 4.0 for Mechatronics, Artificial Intelligence and Cybernetics

Abstract

Industry 4.0 has risen as an integrated digital manufacturing environment, and it has created a novel research perspective that has thrust research to interdisciplinarity and exploitation of ICT advances. This work presents and discusses the main aspects of Industry 4.0 and how intelligence can be embedded in manufacturing to create the smart factory. It briefly describes the main components of Industry 4.0, and it focuses on the security challenges that the fully interconnected ecosystem of Industry 4.0 has to meet and the threats for each component. Preserving security has a crucial role in Industry 4.0, and it is vital for its existence, so the main research directions on how to ensure the confidentiality and integrity of the information shared among the Industry 4.0 components are presented. Another view is in light of the security issues that come as a result of enabling new technologies.

Process management of ergonomic workplace based on augmented reality principles

“… Augmented and virtual reality  Collaborative operator  Healthy and super-strength operators Augmented and virtual reality offers operators technology in the form of mobile phones, tablets, PC screens, headsets or virtual 3D glasses as part of the smart factory concept (Liagkou, 2021). In contrast, the second sub-category is devoted to the currently popularised form of interaction between an assistive robot (co-bot) and a human.…”

“…Cyber security -it focuses on providing security for shared files, data and information that could be misused by third party users (cyber-attacks) (Khan, 2016;Fuertes, 2021). The author (Liagkou, 2021), sees three main differences between conventional Internet and CPS/IoT security systems, which are:…”

“…Terms of ergonomics and humanmachine collaboration, this technology has a considerable potential, which can be mainly applied as a training tool in manufacturing companies (Enrique, 2021). Liagkou (2021) highlights the basic vision of Industry 4.0, which includes three key cases and one of them is the augmented operator. Whose potential lies in the continuous improvement of human qualities in the production process, provided the implementation of modern technologies (AR, VR or co-bot) that improve and accelerate the learning process while minimizing human errors and scrap (Mourtzis, 2018).…”

Design and Establishment of a Learning Factory at the FMENA Zagreb

“…Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS), Internet of Things (IoT), Internet of Services (IoS), and Smart Factory are the main components of Industry 4.0, which has been developed and implemented for more than ten years [1]. The most significant features that this latest industrial revolution brings to manufacturing companies are interoperability, virtualization, decentralization, modularity, customization, and real-time capability [2]. Implementation of Industry 4.0 in manufacturing companies is carried out by creating Smart Factories that contain all the components of Industry 4.0 along with the technologies and services that enable the operation of these components [1].…”

“…Implementation of Industry 4.0 in manufacturing companies is carried out by creating Smart Factories that contain all the components of Industry 4.0 along with the technologies and services that enable the operation of these components [1]. Rapid technological advances present in Industry 4.0, together with high initial costs and the need for highly educated workers, create difficulties with its implementation in manufacturing companies, especially in less developed countries [2].…”