Challenges and Issues of Cluster Based Security in MANET

Kulkarni, Sapna B; N, Dr.Yuvaraju B

doi:10.9790/0661-1804040105

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Subsequently, at the same time, h + can directly interact with dyes and oxidize or partition to form • OH radicals. [ 56 ]…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Subsequently, at the same time, h + can directly interact with dyes and oxidize or partition to form • OH radicals. [56] Moreover, there is a limitation, the aggregation of particles is restricted for penetration of visible light and the sample CTZ4 shows greater value of COD and BOD followed by AOP with respect to sample CTZ3. Therefore, additional amount of ZnO in CdO:TiO 2 after sample CTZ3 is not considered because of reduction in surface active sites by aggregation of composite particles.…”

Section: Advanced Oxidation Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Heterogeneous Ternary Metal Oxide Nanocomposites for Improved Advanced Oxidation Process under Visible Light

Upadhyay

Pathak

2020

Crystal Research and Technology

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Here, heterogeneous ternary metal oxide CdO:TiO 2 :ZnO (coded as CTZ0, CTZ1, CTZ2, CTZ3, CTZ4) nanocomposites are synthesized by a sol-gel precipitation method for the advanced oxidation process (AOP) under visible light. The structure, texture, and surface morphology of heterogeneous nanocomposites are identified by X-ray diffraction, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, and field emission scanning electron microscopy, respectively, while the optical property is investigated by UV-vis spectrophotometry. Furthermore, mixed phases such as anatase and rutile TiO 2 , cubic CdO and hexagonal ZnO, as well as a mixture of morphology, viz., nanorod, nanoflakes, cluster, and aggregation of particles are observed concurrently for sample CTZ3. The reflectance of heterogeneous CdO:TiO 2 :ZnO nanocomposites is recorded in the visible wavelength range from 400 to 800 nm and optical bandgap is varied from 1.91 to 2.20 eV for samples CTZ1-CTZ4. The effect of weight load 5 g L −1 of heterogeneous nanocomposites is evaluated for degradation of organic dyes at neutral pH and obtains the highest efficiency for sample CTZ3 as 99.6% and 99.4% in methyl orange and methylene blue, respectively. Both biological oxygen demand and chemical oxygen demand values are reduced followed by AOP increasing the number of pollutant molecules for absorption in the mixture.

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“…Subsequently, at the same time, h + can directly interact with dyes and oxidize or partition to form • OH radicals. [ 56 ]…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Advanced Oxidation Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heterogeneous Ternary Metal Oxide Nanocomposites for Improved Advanced Oxidation Process under Visible Light

Upadhyay

Pathak

2020

Crystal Research and Technology

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“…Location/Connectivity-based Clustering KCLC [42], KCMBC [42], DDVC [43],DDLC [43] Throughput reduces when the node number increases in the clusters.…”

Section: Cluster-based Routing Protocols In Manetsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A lot of research has been done on clustered networks applying multipath routing in MANETs. AOMDV (Ad-hoc On-demand Multipath Distance Vector) [42] showcases an extended multipath version of AODV (Ad-hoc On-demand Distance Vector) [82]. It is a simple routing protocol with link disjoint characteristics which aims at discovering loop-free routes.SMR (Split Multipath Routing) protocoluses multipaths that are based on maximum disjointness [43].…”

Section: Multipath Routing Protocolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced Security using Multiple paths routine scheme in Cloud-MANETs

Tao

Zhou

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Cloud Mobile Ad-hoc Networks (Cloud-MANETs) is a framework that can access and deliver cloud services to MANET users through their smart devices. MANETs is a pool of self-organized mobile gadgets that can communicate with each other with no support from a central authority or infrastructure. The main advantage of MANETs is its ability to manage mobility while data communication between different users in the system occurs. In MANETs, clustering is an active technique used to manage mobile nodes. The security of MANETs is a key aspect for the fundamental functionality of the network. Addressing the security-related problems ensures that the confidentiality and integrity of the data transmission is secure. MANETs are highly prone to attacks because of their properties. In clustering schemes, the network is broken down to sub-networks called clusters. These clusters can have overlapping nodes or be disjointed. An enhanced node referred to as the Cluster Head (CH) is chosen from each set to oversee tasks related to routing. It decreases the member nodes’ overhead and improves the performance of the system. The relationship between the nodes and CH may vary randomly, leading to re-associations and re-clustering in a MANET that is clustered. An efficient and effective routing protocol is required to allow networking and to find the most suitable paths between the nodes. The networking must be spontaneous, infrastructure-less, and provide end-to-end interactions. The aim of routing is the provision of maximum network load distribution and robust networks. This study focused on the creation of a maximal route between a pair of nodes, and to ensure the appropriate and accurate delivery of the packet. The proposed solution ensured that routing can be carried out with the lowest bandwidth consumption, least packet loss, and control overhead, thereby enhancing the output of the network. Our result shows that multipath routing enables the network to identify alternate paths connecting the destination and source. Routing is required to conserve energy and for optimum bandwidth utilization.

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“…But, this work failed to maintain the stability of the network by implementing an energy-efficient mechanism. Kulkarni and Yuvaraju [24] investigated the challenges and issues of clustering based security in MANET. Here, the trusted based security, and authentication base security mechanisms were estimated for enabling reliable communication in a network.…”

Section: Organizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Secure Cryptography Based Clustering Mechanism for Improving the Data Transmission in MANET

Mohindra

Gandhi

2021

Walailak J Sci & Tech

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Providing security to the Mobile Ad-hoc Network (MANET) is one of the demanding and critical tasks in recent days, due to its dynamic nature. For this reason, the various routing protocols and security mechanisms are developed for the traditional networks. Nonetheless, it still lacks the limitation of increased computational complexity, inefficient security, reduced throughput, and increased delay. To solve these problems, this paper developed a new system, namely, Secure Cryptography based Clustering Mechanism (SCCM) for MANET. It comprised the following stages: secure routing, encryption, signature generation, signature verification, and decryption. After forming the network, the connection between the mobile nodes was formed. After that, the secured routing was created between the source and destination by implementing the AOMDV routing protocol. Then, the original packet was converted into an unknown format by employing an Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) encryption mechanism. Consequently, the signature for the encrypted packet was generated and forwarded to the destination via the Region Head (RH) and other gateway nodes. When the destination node received the packet, it performed the signature verification process for verifying whether the packet is valid or invalid. If it were valid, the receiver would accept the data and decrypt it by using the ECC decryption mechanism; otherwise, it would reject the packet and report to the base station. The simulation results evaluated the performance of the proposed security mechanism by using various measures and compared it with other techniques for proving the superiority.

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Challenges and Issues of Cluster Based Security in MANET

Cited by 6 publications

References 4 publications

Heterogeneous Ternary Metal Oxide Nanocomposites for Improved Advanced Oxidation Process under Visible Light

Heterogeneous Ternary Metal Oxide Nanocomposites for Improved Advanced Oxidation Process under Visible Light

Enhanced Security using Multiple paths routine scheme in Cloud-MANETs

A Secure Cryptography Based Clustering Mechanism for Improving the Data Transmission in MANET

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