Challenges and advances in quantum dot fluorescent probes to detect reactive oxygen and nitrogen species: A review

Abstract

The pathological and physiological effects of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species

Kaempferol – A dietary anticancer molecule with multiple mechanisms of action: Recent trends and advancements

“…Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) generated by enzymatic reactions during metabolism are the major source of harmful oxidative stress (Adegoke & Forbes, 2015;Hazra, Sarma, & Sanyal, 2004). Although human body has antioxidant enzymes as a defenses mechanism that constantly neutralizes the ROS, the excess concentrations of ROS become fatal and cause cellular dysfunction, oxygen toxicity, senescent, stroke, autoimmune diseases, cancer, Parkinson's disease, infection and arteriosclerosis (Adegoke & Forbes, 2015;Melo et al, 2015). Studies have been performed using various funtional foods with antioxidant agents that may be availed to dispense ROS (Gao, Yang, & Xu, 1999;Kim et al, 2003).…”

Fluorescence intensity modulation of CdSe/ZnS quantum dots assesses reactive oxygen species during chemotherapy and radiotherapy for cancer cells

“…Hence, biomedically relevant probes often measure ROS accumulation and not ROS generation. Among such probes are calorimetric, electrochemical and fluorescent sensors . Regarding fluorescent sensors (which include organic fluorophore dyes, encoded proteins and various nanoparticles), the development of quantum dot (QD) fluorescent probes for cellular ROS measurements has recently gained momentum .…”

“…Among such probes are calorimetric, electrochemical and fluorescent sensors . Regarding fluorescent sensors (which include organic fluorophore dyes, encoded proteins and various nanoparticles), the development of quantum dot (QD) fluorescent probes for cellular ROS measurements has recently gained momentum . Novel QD fluorescent probes are meant to overcome challenges posited by ROS such as their very short lifetimes (around 10 −6 s), variety and competition between ROS of cellular origin and those from bioactive molecules such as drugs .…”

BSA–AuNPs@Tb–AMP metal–organic frameworks for ratiometric fluorescence detection of DPA and Hg2+

“…Generally, most fluorescence dye molecules are expensive and appear as photobleaching in analysis . As for inorganic quantum dots (such as CdSe, CdTe), they are often conjugated with other molecules to achieve specific detection because their optical properties are closely related with the surface state . However, their toxicity and biodegradability limit their applications for biological and environmental aspects .…”