Challenge tests with virus surrogates: an accurate membrane integrity evaluation system?

Direct ultrafiltration performance and membrane integrity monitoring by microbiological analysis

“…The protocol used to conduct the membrane integrity test was the one described in Ferrer et al (2013b). Initially, a chemically enhanced backwash (CEB), under the conditions recommended by the membrane manufacturer, was conducted and afterwards the feed tank was drained and manually cleaned.…”

Micro‐coagulation effects on direct ultrafiltration of challenging raw river water

“…Airflow tests as well as membrane integrity tests with virus surrogates following the procedure described in Ferrer et al were periodically carried out (every 1 and 3 months respectively). They both indicated that the membrane integrity had not been compromised, because the airflow registered (0.051 ± 0.006 Nm 3 h −1 ) during the airflow integrity tests was well below the threshold defined by the membrane manufacturer as indicative of a breach (0.2 Nm 3 h −1 ) and there was no increase of microbes passage in the tailored tests performed over time (data not shown).…”

The roles of bacteriophages in membrane-based water and wastewater treatment processes: A review

“…In membrane processes, concerns regarding membrane integrity have been raised because compromised membrane integrity could allow unfavourable matter (especially pathogens) to pass through the membranes and lead to lower permeate quality. Membrane integrity loss could happen due to physical damage and chemical attack (Ferrer et al, 2013;Ferrer et al, 2015). Therefore, periodically membrane integrity is monitored during operation, so that detecting and repairing membrane defects in the drinking water and wastewater treatment plants are crucial in order to achieve the designed membrane performance (Brehant et al, 2010).…”