Challenge of Moringa peregrina Forssk as an antimicrobial agent against multi-drug-resistant Salmonella sp.

Abstract

The emergence of multi-drug-resistant (MDR) pathogenic bacteria is considered as a global problem. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial inhibitory effects of the oily aqueous extract of Moringa peregrina Forssk against MDR clinical Salmonella enterica isolates. Four MDR S. enterica isolates were proved to have a gene mutation in amino acids codon 83 and 87 of gyrA and 67, 76 and 80 of parC gene by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification and sequencing. The active components of M. pregrina extract were purified using GLC and TLC techniques and by using IR, NMR and mass spectra. The M. peregrina Forssk extract effect on bacterial cells was determined using scanning and transmission electron microscopies. Results demonstrated that M. peregrina Forssk have an excellent inhibitory effect against 34 MDR S. enterica isolates with different minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) (109.37-437.5 mg/mL). The active component was identified as oleic acid-3 hydroxy propyl ester. The main abnormalities of Salmonella cells were observeddestruction in the cell wall that led to a reduction of protoplast besides, disruption of cytoplasmic membranes and, consequently, loss in their metabolic functions and death. This is the first report that deeply highlights the antimicrobial activity of M. peregrina Forssk against MDR clinical S. enterica isolates.

Transcriptomic Analysis, Motility and Biofilm Formation Characteristics of Salmonella typhimurium Exposed to Benzyl Isothiocyanate Treatment

“…In Figure 6, it is obvious that, after being treated with BITC, the adhesion of the biofilm was significantly reduced, and S. typhimurium was wrinkled and deformed at 1/4 MIC concentration. This conclusion is consistent with the results of Borges et al, and Saleh et al, showing that BITC significantly inhibits S. typhimurium growth and changes the integrity of biofilms [15,17]. These results indicate that BITC has significant influence on the biofilm formation characteristics of S. typhimurium.…”

“…In addition, BITC antibacterial mechanisms in foodborne bacteria have been widely studied. For example, the biofilm integrity, bacterial morphology, membrane potential, ATP, and membrane hydrophilicity of bacteria treated with BITC have been investigated [15][16][17]. However, the mechanism of antibacterial activity of BITC on S. typhimurium is still unclear, and further studies are needs.…”

The Effect of Magnetized Water on the Growth and Physiological Conditions of Moringa Species under Drought Stress

“…M. oleifera is regarded as a multipurpose tree and shrub species and it is used as a food, fodder, medicine, fencing, gum, and firewood, as well as a coagulant to treat polluted water [27]. M. peregrina is also considered a medicinally important plant due to its antioxidant, antifungal, and antibacterial properties [28].…”

Traditional Uses, Pharmacological Efficacy, and Phytochemistry of Moringa peregrina (Forssk.) Fiori. —A Review

“…At a concentration of 40 mg/100 μl, the ethanol extract of in vitro plantlets of M. peregrina showed the highest zone of inhibition against S. aureus (Alrayes et al, 2016 ). Aqueous extract of M. peregrina seeds was investigated for antibacterial activity against clinically isolated multidrug resistant Salmonella species (Saleh et al, 2017 ). The results showed that the extracts exhibited good antibacterial activity against the multidrug resistant Salmonella isolates.…”

“…Recently, M. peregrina is gaining more attention due to traditional, nutritional, industrial and medicinal values. As this plant has wide range of medicinal uses, it has been screened for various pharmacological activities in the past few decades (Marwah et al, 2007 ; Soltan and Zaki, 2009 ; Koheil et al, 2011 ; Dehshahri et al, 2012 ; Lalas et al, 2012 ; Al-Owaisi et al, 2014 ; Moustafa et al, 2014 ; Majali et al, 2015 ; Safaeian et al, 2015 ; Ullah et al, 2015 ; Alrayes et al, 2016 ; El-Awady et al, 2016 ; Azim et al, 2017 ; Elabd et al, 2017 ; Saleh et al, 2017 ). Few active molecules were also isolated, identified and reported for various pharmacological activities.…”