Chalcone synthase (CHS) family members analysis from eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) in the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway and expression patterns in response to heat stress

Abstract

Enzymes of the chalcone synthase (CHS) family participate in the synthesis of multiple secondary metabolites in plants, fungi and bacteria. CHS showed a significant correlation with the accumulation patterns of anthocyanin. The peel color, which is primarily determined by the content of anthocyanin, is an economically important trait for eggplants that is affected by heat stress. A total of 7 CHS (SmCHS1-7) putative genes were identified in a genomewide analysis of eggplants (S. melongena L.). The SmCHS genes were distributed on 7 scaffolds and were classified into 3 clusters. Phylogenetic relationship analysis showed that 73 CHS genes from 7 Solanaceae species were classified into 10 groups. SmCHS5, SmCHS6 and SmCHS7 were continuously down-regulated under 38˚C and 45˚C treatment, while SmCHS4 was up-regulated under 38˚C but showed little change at 45˚C in peel. Expression profiles of key anthocyanin biosynthesis gene families showed that the PAL, 4CL and AN11 genes were primarily expressed in all five tissues. The CHI, F3H, F3'5'H, DFR, 3GT and bHLH1 genes were expressed in flower and peel. Under heat stress, the expression level of 52 key genes were reduced. In contrast, the expression patterns of eight key genes similar to SmCHS4 were up-regulated at a treatment of 38˚C for 3 hour. Comparative analysis of putative CHS protein evolutionary relationships, cis-regulatory elements, and regulatory networks indicated that SmCHS gene family has a conserved gene structure and functional diversification. SmCHS showed two or more expression patterns, these results of this study may facilitate further research to understand the regulatory mechanism governing peel color in eggplants.

The Complexity of Modulating Anthocyanin Biosynthesis Pathway by Deficit Irrigation in Table Grapes

“…However, after DI and irrigating vines with the original schedule, its expression was higher in Coachella Valley compared to San Joaquin Valley. Besides its role in anthocyanin biosynthesis, CHS is also known to be involved in responding to different stress conditions such as heat stress (Wu et al, 2020). Thus, the high expression of this gene in Coachella Valley after DI could be due to its induction by other environmental stress conditions.…”

Selection of Suitable Reference Genes Based on Transcriptomic Data in Ginkgo biloba under Different Experimental Conditions

“…For example, in Citrus sinensis, the expression of PAL, CHS, DFR, and UFGT is significantly upregulated under a low-temperature environment [55]. After heat stress, the expression of three of the four SmCHS genes (SmCHS1, SmCHS2, and SmCHS3) was continuously downregulated, while that of SmCHS4 was upregulated [56]. Similarly, the expression of PAL, 4CL, CHS, ANR, FLS, and LAR was upregulated after cold stress in Tetrastigma hemsleyanum [57].…”

Bioconversion of Callus-Produced Precursors to Silymarin Derivatives in Silybum marianum Leaves for the Production of Bioactive Compounds

“…Besides being part of the plant developmental program, CHS gene expression is induced in plants under stress conditions [ 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 ]. F3H or flavonoid 3-hydroxylase catalyzes the conversion of flavonoid to 3′-hydroxyflavonoid in presence of NADPH [ 51 ].…”