CH₃NH₃PbBr₃ Perovskite Nanocrystals Encapsulated in Lanthanide Metal–Organic Frameworks as a Photoluminescence Converter for Anti-Counterfeiting

Abstract

The increasing demands for optical anti-counterfeiting technology require the development of versatile luminescent materials with multiple models and tunable photoluminescence. Herein, the combination of luminescent perovskite nanocrystals and lanthanide-based metal-organic frameworks (Ln-MOFs) has been developed to offer such a high-tech anti-counterfeiting solution. The hybrid materials have been fabricated via the encapsulation of perovskite CHNHPbBr nanocrystals in europium-based metal-organic frameworks (Eu-MOFs) and they display multistage anti-counterfeiting behavior. CHNHPbBr@Eu-MOF hybrids were developed in a two-step process, where the PbBr@Eu-MOF precursor was formed first and, then, the composites can be formed quickly by the addition of CHNHBr into the precursors. Accordingly, the hybrid composites exhibited both excitation wavelength and temperature-dependent luminescence properties in the form of powders or films. Furthermore, the photoluminescence of the CHNHPbBr@Eu-MOF composites can be quenched and recovered through water immersion and CHNHBr conversion, and the anti-counterfeiting applications have also been discussed. Therefore, this finding will open the opportunity to fabricate the hybrid materials with controlled photoluminescence properties, and it also acts as the emerging anti-counterfeiting materials in versatile fields.

Metal Halide Perovskite@Metal‐Organic Framework Hybrids: Synthesis, Design, Properties, and Applications

“…However, Xia and co-workers reported that a hybrid CH 3 NH 3 PbBr 3 @Eu-MOF showed green and red emission under UV light-365 and 254 nm. [247] The CH 3 NH 3 PbBr 3 @ Eu-MOF emission was quenched and enhanced by solvents as water and CH3NH 3 Br.…”

“…The hybrids of CH 3 NH 3 PbBr 3 @Eu-MOF, europium-based metalorganic frameworks (Eu-MOFs) encapsulated the perovskite CH 3 NH 3 PbBr 3 nanocrystals that show multistage anticounterfeiting behavior. [247] The hybrid composites show temperaturedependent luminescence and excitation wavelength in powder forms or films. [247] The authors reported in situ growth of CsPbX 3 QDs (X = Cl, Br, I) in the MOF (ZJU-28).…”

Intermarriage of Halide Perovskites and Metal‐Organic Framework Crystals

“…Similarly,t he PL of MAPbBr 3 @Eu-MOF can be fully quenched and recovered by immersion in water and treatment with MABr,respectively. [100]…”

“…Furthermore,long-term stable PL was achieved after embedding into apolymer matrix (Figure 9a,b). [100,110] This approach opens opportunities for other lanthanide MOF composites, such as PL upconversion (Er 3+ )a nd quantum cutting effects (for Yb 3+ ). [111,112] In addition to the lanthanides,transition metals have also been used to dope perovskites.T he doping can generate abroad luminescence because of spin-forbidden, ligand-field transition.…”

Encapsulation of live cells by metal-organic frameworks for viability protection

“…Among the chosen materials reported, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) [16][17][18], a type of crystalline material constructed with metal ions or metal clusters and organic ligands, have attracted the most attention because of their porous structures, diversity of precursors, and convenient synthesis [19][20][21]. Several materials [22][23][24] and semiconductors [25][26][27] of different sizes and shapes have been coated with MOFs to form composite materials. In addition, some biological macromolecules, such as proteins [28][29][30], enzymes [31][32][33][34][35][36], and cells [37,38], have been coated with MOFs under mild conditions, which is critical for the maintenance of their biological activity.…”