FETs), light-emitting diodes (LED), solar cells, water splitting, and water purification owing to their exceptional electronic and optical properties such as extreme absorption coefficient, robust photoluminescence, extended carrier diffusion length, ambipolar charge transport, defect tolerant nature, and similar effective mass value. [1-9] Mitzi et al. reported tin-based perovskites as a new family of semiconductors in 1994. [10] However, real attention was captured only in 2009, when Kojima et al. successfully used them in solar cells as a sensitizer in a dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) with the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 3.8%. [11] Recently, other groups demonstrated halide perovskites as solid-state PSCs with 10% efficiency, which provided considerable impetus for the field, together with the recent spectacular rise in PCE (25.2% certified). [12,13] Apart from solar cells, perovskite halides have been successfully implemented in optoelectronic devices such as FETs and LEDs. [14-17] However, the structural features of perovskites experience swift degradation under different stress conditions such as moisture, UV light, oxygen, and high temperature, which limits their practical applications. [18] This drawback can be tackled by stabilizing halide perovskites by various approaches such as integration of multiple capping agents/stabilizers and encapsulation into various porous materials like polymer matrices, polymethyl Metal halide perovskites (MHPs) have excellent optoelectronic and photovoltaic applications because of their cost-effectiveness, tunable emission, high photoluminescence quantum yields, and excellent charge carrier properties. However, the potential applications of the entire MHP family are facing a major challenge arising from its weak resistance to moisture, polar solvents, temperature, and light exposure. A viable strategy to enhance the stability of MHPs could lie in their incorporation into a porous template. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have outstanding properties, with a unique network of ordered/functional pores, which render them promising for functioning as such a template, accommodating a wide range of MHPs to the nanosized region, alongside minimizing particle aggregation and enhancing the stability of the entrapped species. This review highlights recent advances in design strategies, synthesis, characterization, and properties of various hybrids of MOFs with MHPs. Particular attention is paid to a critical review of the emergence of MHP@MOF for comprehensive studies of next-generation materials for various technological applications including sensors, photocatalysis, encryption/decryption, light-emitting diodes, and solar cells. Finally, by summarizing the state-of-the-art, some promising future applications of reported hybrids are proposed. Considering the inherent correlation and synergic functionalities of MHPs and MOFs, further advancement; new functional materials; and applications can be achieved through designing MHP@MOF hybrids.

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Selection of material in engineering design process is a difficult and elusive task due to enormous number of dissimilar materials availability. For effective selection of materials, the designers have to take into account a number of definite qualitative and quantitative criteria. In the same context, this paper proposes a hybrid TOPSIS-PSI approach for effective material selection in marine applications. In this paper, the selection index value has been calculated by using logical combination of PSI and TOPSIS algorithm and these values have been ranked in ascending or descending order. The highest preference selection index value has been taken as the best alternative for the marine application. To prove the effectiveness of the proposed hybrid TOPSIS-PSI algorithm, two practical examples are considered and the result shows that the proposed procedure provides satisfactory results when compared with past literature. Furthermore, hybrid procedure is performed for selection of best wt.% combination among hybrid aluminum nanocomposites for marine applications based on its physical, mechanical and corrosive behavior. The result reveals that 9 wt.% and 6 wt.% reinforced hybrid aluminum nanocomposites have optimum combination of all physical, mechanical and corrosion properties, respectively according to hybrid TOPSIS-PSI approach.

Stability of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs) is a key issue and of great interest, since it could be a potential candidate for low cost energy production in order to satisfy the global energy demand. This work provides insight on stability of DSCs, assessed through accelerated aging test at 85 o C, followed by Raman spectroscopy and impedance spectroscopy (IS) measurements. The results from DSCs based on two ruthenium-based dyes Z907, Ru505 and two commercially available electrolytes such as high stability electrolyte (HSE) and solvent-free livion 12 (L-12). The least stable device composed of Z907/HSE retains 30% of its initial efficiency after 4700 hours of thermal stress at 85°C, while the remarkably stable cells Ru505/L-12 retains 96% of its initial efficiency with degradation rate of ~14%/1000 h and ~1%/1000 h respectively. The present findings show a solution to the degradation problem far beyond standard requirements and could generate strong interest in the photovoltaic industry.

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