CGB and GNRH1 expression analysis as a method of tumor cells metastatic spread detection in patients with gynecological malignances

Abstract

BackgroundMetastasis is a common feature of many advanced stage cancers and metastatic spread is thought to be responsible for cancer progression. Most cancer cells are localized in the primary tumor and only a small population of circulating tumor cells (CTC) has metastatic potential. CTC amount reflects the aggressiveness of tumors, therefore their detection can be used to determine the prognosis and treatment of cancer patients.The aim of this study was to evaluate human chorionic gonadotropin beta subunit (CGB) and gonadoliberin type 1 (GNRH1) expression as markers of tumor cells circulating in peripheral blood of gynecological cancer patients, indicating the metastatic spread of tumor.MethodsCGB and GNRH1 expression level in tumor tissue and blood of cancer patients was assessed by real-time RT-PCR. The data was analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U and Spearman tests. In order to distinguish populations with homogeneous genes' expression the maximal likelihood method for one- and multiplied normal distribution was used.ResultReal time RT-PCR results revealed CGB and GNRH1 genes activity in both tumor tissue and blood of gynecological cancers patients. While the expression of both genes characterized all examined tumor tissues, in case of blood analysis, the transcripts of GNRH1 were found in all cancer patients while CGB were present in 93% of patients. CGB and GNRH1 activity was detected also in control group, which consisted of tissue lacking cancerous changes and blood of healthy volunteers. The log-transformation of raw data fitted to multiplied normal distribution model showed that CGB and GNRH1 expression is heterogeneous and more than one population can be distinguished within defined groups.Based on CGB gene activity a critical value indicating the presence of cancer cells in studied blood was distinguished. In case of GNRH1 this value was not established since the results of the gene expression in blood of cancer patients and healthy volunteers were overlapping. However one subpopulation consists of cancer patient with much higher GNRH1 expression than in control group was found.ConclusionsAssessment of CGB and GNRH1 expression level in cancer patients' blood may be useful for indicating metastatic spread of tumor cells.

Comprehensive immunogenomic landscape analysis of prognosis-related genes in head and neck cancer

“…Based on this result, we selected 10 genes (PLAU, SFTPA2, CCL26, SEMA3G, DKK1, GAST, GNRH1, PDGFA, ZAP70, and STC1) and 11 genes (SEMA3G, GNRH1, TNFRSF4, ZAP70, PLAU, SH2D1A, CCL26, DKK1, GAST, PDGFA and STC1) that were closely related to clinical prognosis to construct two prognostic prediction models to assess potential clinical outcomes for the total HNSCC patients and HPV-HNSCC patients. Notably, GNRH1 has been suggested as a marker of the metastatic spread of gynecological cancer 19 . PDGFA, a member of the platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) family, may play a crucial role in the composition of the immune microenvironment 20 .…”

Nicotinamide phosphorybosiltransferase overexpression in thyroid malignancies and its correlation with tumor stage and with survivin/survivin DEx3 expression

“…A cDNA library was constructed as described previously [ 25 ]. To assess the expression level of NAMPT [NCBI: NM_005746.2] and survivin gene’s splice variants, BIRC5 [NCBI: NM_001168], BIRC5 -DEx3 [NCBI: NM_001012270.1], BIRC5 - 2B [NCBI: NM_001012271.1], and HPRT reference gene [Human HPRT Gene Assay Cat.…”

GNRH1 and LTB4R might be novel immune-related prognostic biomarkers in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC)

“…In a word, these studies highlighted the critical nature of BLT2 in tumour survival, invasiveness, chemoresistance and metastasis, as well as its potential as a therapeutic target for some cancers. During another study, expression of GNRH1 was considered may be a prognostic factor for metastatic spread of tumor cells based on the result that the up-regulation of GNRH1 expression suggested the presence of tumour cells in the circulation of cancer patients [ 34 ].…”