CFD Simulation of Effect of Interphase Forces and Turbulence Models on Gas–Liquid Two-Phase Flows in Non-Industrial Aluminum Electrolysis Cells

Zhan, Shuiqing; Yang, Jianhong; Wang, Zhentao; Zhao, Ruijie; Zheng, Jun; Wang, Junfeng

doi:10.1007/s11837-017-2327-5

Cited by 14 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…To exclude the effect of the number of grid cells on the simulation accuracy, meanwhile avoiding using too many computing resources caused by the excessive grids, it was necessary to conduct the grid-independence analysis of the computational domain [38][39][40]. Table 5 shows the comparison of different grid cell numbers for grid independence analysis, in which J represents advance coefficient, K T represents thrust coefficient, K Q represents torque coefficient, and η is propulsion efficiency.…”

Section: Physical Parameter Definitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Investigation on Hydrodynamic Performance of Pump-Jet Propulsion Designed by Direct and Inverse Design Methods

et al. 2021

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Pump-jet propulsion, a new propulsion technology, is primarily designed for underwater vehicles. Because of its concealment and excellent performance, it has been widely used, but due to its confidentiality and complexity, few studies have been published. To explore the relevant design theory of pump-jet propulsion with the aim of increasing its performance, in this study, we applied the direct and inverse design methods to construct a three-dimensional pump-jet model. The direct design method was carried out by comparing the lifting and lifting-line design methods, followed by further geometric optimization of the better model. In a numerical study using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations, the Reynolds Averaged Naviere-Stokes (RANS) equations with SST k-ω turbulence model were solved in a cylindrical computational domain around the pump-jet propulsion device. A numerical investigation of the E779A propeller was carried out beforehand, using different advance ratios, in order to validate the accuracy of the numerical simulation method. The results show that for the direct method, although the model designed using the lifting-line method produced a greater thrust and the pump-jet designed using the lifting method was more efficient and stable, which is more suitable for small and medium underwater vehicles. When considering the inverse design method, the pump-jet propeller obviously accelerated the fluid, and the speed was obviously greater than that designed using the direct design method, while the turbulent kinetic energy in the flow field was higher, as well as the energy loss. Therefore, for small- and medium-sized underwater vehicles, if the priorities are high thrust and high efficiency, the inverse design method is the best option, whereas if stability and lower energy loss are preferred, the direct design method should be adopted.

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Section: Physical Parameter Definitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Investigation on Hydrodynamic Performance of Pump-Jet Propulsion Designed by Direct and Inverse Design Methods

et al. 2021

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“…p is the pressure and g is the gravity. F Di , F TDi , F VMi , and F STi are the drag force, turbulent dispersion force, virtual mass force, and surface tension, respectively. , …”

Section: Mathematical Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For bubble-bath two-phase flow without considering electromagnetic force, the modified k –ε model is always used to describe gas–liquid two-phase turbulent flow. ,− where c 1 , c 2 , c μ , σ k , and σ ε are the constants, with values separately listed as follows: c 1 = 1.44, c 2 = 1.92, c μ = 0.09, σ k = 1.0, and σ ε = 1.3. The bubble-induced turbulence source terms S k and S ε represent sources for k and ε, respectively …”

Section: Mathematical Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of the Application of a Perforated Anode in an Aluminum Electrolysis Cell on the Gas–Liquid Two-Phase Flow and Bubble Distribution Characteristics

Hou

Yuan

et al. 2020

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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In contrast to the original form of the anode, the perforated anode is a new kind of anode that can significantly reduce the bubble thickness while maintaining a stable electrolysis process. The bubble movement was simulated within physical and mathematical models of the flow field in the anode–cathode distance (ACD) area, in which the electrolyte solidification zone in the anode perforations was treated creatively as a porous medium. The flow field distribution and the bubble layer thickness in the ACD area were simulated. The influence of the process parameters, such as the electrolyte temperature and ACD, on the flow field was analyzed. The results show that compared with the regular anode and slotted anode, the use of the perforated anode reduces the thickness of the bubble layer by approximately 1.63 and 1.06 mm, respectively. The velocity of the electrolyte is positively correlated with the electrolyte temperature, anode width, and bubble layer thickness. The immersion depth of the anode and the interanode gap have little effect on the bubble thickness and flow field.

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“…In the bubbly flow, the drag force, lift force, wall lubrication force, and turbulent dispersion force are relatively the most important force. Zhan et al 25 and El-Askary et al 17 studied the force effect for modeling the bubbly flow in electrolysis cell; the results indicated that the drag force and turbulent dispersion force are significant in electrolysis. Each of the individual terms contain particular physical mechanisms of the interfacial momentum transfer.…”

Section: Continuity and Momentum Equationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluid Dynamics and Mass Transfer Study of Electrochemical Oxidation by CFD Prediction and Experimental Validation

Liu

Cai

Chen

et al. 2018

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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Flow hydrodynamics and mass transfer have been investigated using numerical simulation and validated using experimental measurements. UV–vis measurements have been obtained to determine the apparent heterogeneous rate constant, k app, and adsorption–desorption equilibrium constant, K, of the electrochemical oxidation of p-methoxyphenol (PMP). Generation of gas bubbles was visualized using a high-speed camera, and MATLAB was used to obtain the average void fraction. The experimental results show good agreement with simulation results. Two-phase bubbly flow has been described by a mathematical model based on the Euler–Euler approach. To accurately predict the two-phase bubbly flow in an electrolyzer, a developed model of interfacial area concentration has been adopted for bubble size effects. This study shows that different operating conditions affect the void fraction and gas bubble layer. Additionally, the mass transfer efficiency and mass transfer correlations have been investigated in order to design the optimal experiments for electrochemical oxidation.

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CFD Simulation of Effect of Interphase Forces and Turbulence Models on Gas–Liquid Two-Phase Flows in Non-Industrial Aluminum Electrolysis Cells

Cited by 14 publications

References 12 publications

Comparative Investigation on Hydrodynamic Performance of Pump-Jet Propulsion Designed by Direct and Inverse Design Methods

Comparative Investigation on Hydrodynamic Performance of Pump-Jet Propulsion Designed by Direct and Inverse Design Methods

Effects of the Application of a Perforated Anode in an Aluminum Electrolysis Cell on the Gas–Liquid Two-Phase Flow and Bubble Distribution Characteristics

Fluid Dynamics and Mass Transfer Study of Electrochemical Oxidation by CFD Prediction and Experimental Validation

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