Cetyltrimethyl Ammonium Bromide Modified Kaolin as a Reinforcing Filler for Natural Rubber

Peter, Roshin; Sreelekshmi, R. V.; Menon, A. R. R.

doi:10.1007/s10924-016-0915-z

Cited by 24 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The type of clay in this study is kaolin clay, as described in Figure 8. The use of clay as a rubber filler has been studied by many researchers, including Goodman and Riley (2012), Ismail and Mathialagan (2011), Lalikova et al (2011), Ruamcharoen et al (2014, Szustakiewicz et al (2013), Zhang et al (2012), and Zhang et al (2010, and modified clay has also been widely examined-for example, in the work by Ambre et al (2008), Jagtap et al (2013), Kord et al (2017), Ogbebor et al (2015aOgbebor et al ( , 2015b, Peter et al (2016), Puglia et al (2016), Saritha et al (2012), Sheikh et al (2017), Sreelekshmi et al (2016Sreelekshmi et al ( , 2017, Sukumar and Menon (2008), and Yahaya et al (2009). Most of the types of clay used by researchers are kaolin clay, in addition to bentonite and montmorillonite clay.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Curing Characteristics and Physical Properties of Natural Rubber Composites Using Modified Clay Filler

Hasan¹,

Aznury²,

Purnamasari³

et al. 2020

IJTech

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The differences in the curing characteristics and physical properties of natural rubber samples using clay and modified clay as fillers were studied. After the clay was modified with dodecylamine, the rubber milling process was conducted at a temperature of 65-70 o C to obtain the natural rubber compound. The content of clay and modified clay in the natural rubber was approximately 15 phr. A curing test at 150 o C was performed, and then the physical properties were tested. The results of the physical properties test showed a significant increase in the tensile strength, from 16.3 to 25 MPa, a change in hardness from 43 to 54 Shore A, a change in modulus of 300% from 1.6 to 4.6 MPa, a change in tear strength from 29.3 to 40.2 kN/m, and a change in compression set from 25.75% to 30.57% due to the use of modified clay compared to the sample with unmodified clay. However, some physical properties-such as elongation at break, from 720% to 600%-decreased dramatically. Smax increased sharply, from 7.05 to 11.45 kg-cm, while optimum cure and scorch time decreased sharply, from 11.23 to 6.43 minutes and from 6.35 to 2.38 minutes, respectively. FTIR and XRD analyses showed evidence of clay modification. Similarly, the AFM and SEM analyses of clay surfaces and the dispersion of the clay in the rubber showed that the dispersion of the modified clay in the rubber was better than that of unmodified clay. The TA/DTA analysis also supported the above explanation, particularly for the changes in curing characteristics and physical properties.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Curing Characteristics and Physical Properties of Natural Rubber Composites Using Modified Clay Filler

Hasan¹,

Aznury²,

Purnamasari³

et al. 2020

IJTech

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“…Thermal decomposition of CBS also releases amines that possibly form type II structure Znaccelerator complexes (Figure 6). This chelation has better stability to the accelerator complex (Joseph et al, 2015) and increases the activity of the complex in conjunction to stearic acid or another fatty acid (Peter et al, 2016;Heideman et al, 2004).But, the results show CBS alone provides longer scorch time than MBTS alone. This could be related to the presence of the prevulcanization inhibitor (PVI) in the formulation that causes competition reactions.…”

Section: Curing Characteristicmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance of binary accelarator system on natural rubber compound

Indrajati¹,

Dewi²

2019

MKKP

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Accelerator system provides different response onto the rubber compound, and in turn influences its final properties. Accelerators, such as 2,2'-Dithiobis (benzothiazole) (MBTS), N-Cyclohexylbenzothiazole-2-Sulfenamide (CBS) and diphenyl guanidine (DPG), has been selected for the study. Response of paired accelerator, MBTS/DPG and CBS/DPG in various ratio, on natural rubber (NR) compound was evaluated. Rheological properties and cure characteristics of the compounds were analyzed using Mooney viscometer and moving die rheometer (MDR) typically. Results findings showed that incorporation of DPG into the system has increased the viscosity of the compound and effected the molecular weight during the process. Further, the addition of DPG also shortened the induction period by reducing the scorch time (ts2) and decreasing the cure time (t90). Binary paired accelerator resulted in poor flow characteristic as a result of strong domination of elastic element. In general, the CBS-based system provided more balance characteristic than those of MBTS-based.

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“…Using CTAB as a surfactant not only improves the mixing compatibility, but also inhibits the bacteria and fungi in cement. Moreover, CTAB's crosslink structure has been suggested to improve the stability of NL, which is modified and mixed with other materials [34,35]. The aim of this research work was to improve the compatibility between the cement and NL using a suitable surfactant and to describe the interaction mechanism between the cement and NL, which were combined with a surfactant, via dielectric spectroscopy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dielectric and Mechanical Properties of CTAB-Modified Natural Rubber Latex–Cement Composites

et al. 2022

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Cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB)-modified natural rubber latex/Portland cement paste (CTAB + NL/PC) composites were fabricated by varying the NL/cement and CTAB/cement ratios to improve the elastic property of PC. The stability and workability of the CTAB-modified NL particles in the PC matrix were significantly improved. The microstructure and dielectric property analyses of PC, CTAB/PC, NL/PC, and (CTAB + NL)/PC composites were performed to describe the interaction mechanism between the CTAB-modified NL and PC. The portlandite phase in PC was reduced by incorporating CTAB + NL. Although the tensile strength of NL/PC was significantly increased, its compressive strength also greatly decreased by ~40.3%. The tensile and compressive strengths of CTAB/PC were not significantly improved. Notably, the tensile strength of (CTAB + NL)/PC was significantly increased compared to those of PC, CTAB/PC, and NL/PC, while the depreciated compressive strength was only 18.7%. The optimized compressive–tensile performance of (CTAB + NL)/PC was equal to that of PC. The dielectric constants of NL/PC, CTAB/PC, and (CTAB + NL)/PC were reduced due to the low dielectric constant of NL and the ability of CTAB to capture negative charges in the PC matrix, leading to a reduction in the negative surface charges and hence the interfacial polarization. This result was confirmed by the decreased loss tangent in a low-frequency range, which is usually reduced by decreasing the free charges. This work provides a comprehensive guideline for significantly improving the elastic property of PC while retaining a high compressive strength.

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Cetyltrimethyl Ammonium Bromide Modified Kaolin as a Reinforcing Filler for Natural Rubber

Cited by 24 publications

References 18 publications

Curing Characteristics and Physical Properties of Natural Rubber Composites Using Modified Clay Filler

Curing Characteristics and Physical Properties of Natural Rubber Composites Using Modified Clay Filler

Performance of binary accelarator system on natural rubber compound

Dielectric and Mechanical Properties of CTAB-Modified Natural Rubber Latex–Cement Composites

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