Cetirizine

Abstract

Cetirizine is well established in the treatment of symptoms of SAR, PAR or CIU. It demonstrated a corticosteroid-sparing effect and reduced the relative risk of developing asthma in sensitised infants with atopic dermatitis. Cetirizine was effective in the treatment of allergic cough and mosquito bites; however, its precise role in these indications has yet to be clearly established. On the basis of its favourable efficacy and tolerability profile and rapid onset of action, cetirizine provides an important option for the treatment of a wide range of allergic disorders.

Development of Novel Elastic Vesicle-Based Topical Formulation of Cetirizine Dihydrochloride for Treatment of Atopic Dermatitis

“…Cetirizine, the active carboxylic acid metabolite of hydroxyzine, is a potent second-generation antihistamine possessing anti-inflammatory properties and high specific affinity for histamine H 1 receptors (2). Studies have shown cetirizine to be effective in treatment of skin inflammatory conditions by reducing histamine, bradykinin, and allergen-induced wheal and flare reactions; decreasing monocyte and T-lymphocyte chemotaxis; reducing eosinophil responses; and decreasing intercellular adhesion molecule-1 expression on epithelial cells (2,3).…”

“…Studies have shown cetirizine to be effective in treatment of skin inflammatory conditions by reducing histamine, bradykinin, and allergen-induced wheal and flare reactions; decreasing monocyte and T-lymphocyte chemotaxis; reducing eosinophil responses; and decreasing intercellular adhesion molecule-1 expression on epithelial cells (2,3). The oral administration of cetirizine (used as cetirizine dihydrochloride, and referred to as cetirizine further) is commonly related to different side effects including sedation, ocular dryness, tiredness, and dry mouth (4).…”

Chiral separation of cetirizine by capillary electrophoresis

“…Cetirizine is a potent, long-acting, second-generation histamine H 1 receptor antagonist used for the treatment of urticaria and allergic rhinitis [14][15][16][17]. Cetirizine is the acid metabolite of hydroxyzine and the structure of this zwitterionic drug is shown in Fig.…”

The Clinical Use of Cetirizine in the Treatment of Allergic Rhinitis

“…3); with the rank order for area under the curve (0-24 h) being cetirizine > epinastine > terfenadine > ebastine > fexofenadine > loratadine > placebo. The superiority of single or multiple doses of cetirizine 10 mg over therapeutic doses of acrivastine, astemizole, chlorphenamine (chlorpheniramine), ebastine, epinastine, fexofenadine, loratadine, mizolastine, oxatomide, and terfenadine in inhibiting histamine-induced skin wheal and flare reactions in atopic and non-atopic subjects has been confirmed by several other studies [38]. Similarly, more recent studies investigating the suppression of histamine-induced skin reactivity by the more recently developed members of this drug class have indicated the activity of cetirizine 10 mg to be greater or equal to that of bepotastine [39], bilastine [40], desloratadine [41], levocetirizine [42], and olopatadine [39].…”

“…driving and psychomotor performance tests, have unanimously demonstrated that therapeutic doses of cetirizine do not generally produce more psychomotor impairment than placebo [88]. Similarly, the adverse effect profile of cetirizine has been shown to be comparable with that of astemizole, ebastine, fexofenadine, loratadine, mizolastine, or terfenadine [38]; with the adverse effects of cetirizine generally being of mild-to-moderate intensity. Importantly, the longest clinical trial with any antihistamine launched in the 20th century, the ETAC study, in children as young as 18-24 months at randomization, demonstrated that continuous cetirizine treatment over 18 months had no adverse effects on neurological and behavioural events, nor on natural development milestones, e.g.…”