Cesarean or Vaginal Birth Does Not Impact the Longitudinal Development of the Gut Microbiome in a Cohort of Exclusively Preterm Infants

Stewart, Christopher J.; Embleton, Nicholas D.; Clements, Elizabeth; Luna, Pamela N.; Smith, Daniel P.; Fofanova, Tatiana; Nelson, Andrew; Taylor, Gillian; Orr, Caroline; Petrosino, Joseph F.; Berrington, Janet; Cummings, Stephen

doi:10.3389/fmicb.2017.01008

Cited by 54 publications

(48 citation statements)

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“…We recruited a large cohort of preterm infants, sampling stool daily where possible ( n = >300 infants/>3000 samples) and capturing key health-related outcomes using precise definitions [17, 20, 21]. Using strict classification for LOS (positive blood culture with a >5 days antibiotics) and only including infants with robust temporal sampling before and after disease diagnosis, we present comprehensive longitudinal gut microbiome data on 613 stool samples from LOS infants ( n = 7) and well-matched non-diseased (no NEC or LOS) controls ( n = 28).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Longitudinal development of the gut microbiome and metabolome in preterm neonates with late onset sepsis and healthy controls

et al. 2017

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BackgroundLate onset sepsis (LOS) in preterm infants is associated with considerable morbidity and mortality. While studies have implicated gut bacteria in the aetiology of the disease, functional analysis and mechanistic insights are generally lacking. We performed temporal bacterial (n = 613) and metabolomic (n = 63) profiling on extensively sampled stool from 7 infants with LOS and 28 matched healthy (no LOS or NEC) controls.ResultsThe bacteria isolated in diagnostic blood culture usually corresponded to the dominant bacterial genera in the gut microbiome. Longitudinal changes were monitored based on preterm gut community types (PGCTs), where control infants had an increased number of PGCTs compared to LOS infants (P = 0.011). PGCT 6, characterised by Bifidobacteria dominance, was only present in control infants. Metabolite profiles differed between LOS and control infants at diagnosis and 7 days later, but not 7 days prior to diagnosis. Bifidobacteria was positively correlated with control metabolites, including raffinose, sucrose, and acetic acid.ConclusionsUsing multi-omic analysis, we show that the gut microbiome is involved in the pathogenesis of LOS. While the causative agent of LOS varies, it is usually abundant in the gut. Bifidobacteria dominance was associated with control infants, and the presence of this organism may directly protect, or act as a marker for protection, against gut epithelial translocation. While the metabolomic data is preliminary, the findings support that gut development and protection in preterm infants is associated with increased in prebiotic oligosaccharides (e.g. raffinose) and the growth of beneficial bacteria (e.g. Bifidobacterium).Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40168-017-0295-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Longitudinal development of the gut microbiome and metabolome in preterm neonates with late onset sepsis and healthy controls

et al. 2017

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“…One of the most common early perturbations is the mode of delivery at birth, which changes the initial state from which the microbiome develops 19 . Studies in humans show contradictory results regarding the impact of delivery type on microbiome assembly [20][21][22][23][24] . While Chu et al and Stewart et al did not find significant differences caused by C-section, Bokulich et al and Yasoor et al have claimed that C-section does, in fact, have an effect on microbial assembly.…”

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confidence: 99%

Stochasticity constrained by deterministic effects of diet and age drive rumen microbiome assembly dynamics

et al. 2020

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How complex communities assemble through the animal's life, and how predictable the process is remains unexplored. Here, we investigate the forces that drive the assembly of rumen microbiomes throughout a cow's life, with emphasis on the balance between stochastic and deterministic processes. We analyse the development of the rumen microbiome from birth to adulthood using 16S-rRNA amplicon sequencing data and find that the animals shared a group of core successional species that invaded early on and persisted until adulthood. Along with deterministic factors, such as age and diet, early arriving species exerted strong priority effects, whereby dynamics of late successional taxa were strongly dependent on microbiome composition at early life stages. Priority effects also manifest as dramatic changes in microbiome development dynamics between animals delivered by Csection vs. natural birth, with the former undergoing much more rapid species invasion and accelerated microbiome development. Overall, our findings show that together with strong deterministic constrains imposed by diet and age, stochastic colonization in early life has long-lasting impacts on the development of animal microbiomes.

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“…The degree of variation in taxa compositions between samples seem to affect the microbiota diversity and composition of preterm neonates [38]. Bifidobacterium spp.…”

Section: α-Diversitymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Gut Microbiota: A Clinically Impactful Factor in Patient Health and Disease

Rodríguez

Peña-Vélez

Monjaráz

et al. 2018

SN Compr. Clin. Med.

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The gut microbiota, often referred to as the body's virtual organ, is a complex ecosystem made up of trillions of microorganisms that interact with host physiology in a myriad of ways. This lifelong interaction begins in the early stages of life, and it is subject to alterations exerted by environmental factors, especially those that characterise modern societies such as ultra-processed foods and pharmaceutical interventions, amongst others. These alterations, in turn, carry with them implications for host health and disease. Due to this putative role in human health and the fact that study of the gut microbiota is now rapidly evolving, it is of paramount importance that all clinicians be aware of the most up-to-date literature in this field. Herein, we present a state-of-theart review which aims to outline the most relevant pre-clinical and clinical knowledge around the gut microbiota-host interaction. This review focuses primarily on the development and key functions of the gut microbiota with respect to host health and disease, but also addresses the basic concept of gut dysbiosis.

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Cesarean or Vaginal Birth Does Not Impact the Longitudinal Development of the Gut Microbiome in a Cohort of Exclusively Preterm Infants

Cited by 54 publications

References 45 publications

Longitudinal development of the gut microbiome and metabolome in preterm neonates with late onset sepsis and healthy controls

Longitudinal development of the gut microbiome and metabolome in preterm neonates with late onset sepsis and healthy controls

Stochasticity constrained by deterministic effects of diet and age drive rumen microbiome assembly dynamics

The Gut Microbiota: A Clinically Impactful Factor in Patient Health and Disease

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